TY  - JOUR
T1  - UReteral catheter for the detection and dislodgment of stones
AU  - CUNNINGHAM JH, Jr.
Y1  - 1909/04/24
N1  - 10.1001/jama.1909.25420430027003d
JO  - Journal of the American Medical Association
SP  - 1331
EP  - 1331
VL  - LII
IS  - 17
N2  - Previous to the employment of the x-ray as a means of detection of calculi in the ureter, the error in diagnosis between stones in the kidney and ureter was great. The employment of the x-ray has been of the greatest value in the diagnosis. This method of diagnosis, however, contains a two-fold error: first, the impossibility of detecting pure uric acid calculi; and, second, the presence of questionable shadows in, or near by, the course of the ureter. It has been a common mistake to cut down on supposed ureteral calculi because of shadows present in x-ray plates, and to find no ureteral stone, the shadow being due to a faulty plate, calcified gland, sclerotic artery, phlebolith, calcified bodies in muscle or fascia, or accentuated calcification in the transverse processes of the vertebræ. It has been recognized that a simple x-ray picture is subject to these
SN  - 0002-9955
M3  - doi: 10.1001/jama.1909.25420430027003d
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1909.25420430027003d
ER  -