TY  - JOUR
T1  - CAloric restriction and incidence of breast cancer
AU  - Michels KB, Ekbom A
Y1  - 2004/03/10
N1  - 10.1001/jama.291.10.1226
JO  - JAMA
SP  - 1226
EP  - 1230
VL  - 291
IS  - 10
N2  - Context 
                  Restricting caloric intake is one of the most effective ways to extend
lifespan and to reduce spontaneous tumor occurrence in experimental animals,
but whether similar associations hold in humans has not been appropriately
studied.Objective 
                  To determine whether caloric restriction in early life reduces the risk
of invasive breast cancer.Design, Setting, and Participants 
                  Retrospective cohort study using data from the Swedish Inpatient Registry,
the Swedish Cancer Registry, the Swedish Death Registry, and the Swedish Fertility
Registry. Participants were 7303 Swedish women hospitalized for anorexia nervosa
prior to age 40 years between 1965 and 1998. Women were excluded (n = 31)
if they were diagnosed with cancer prior to their first discharge from hospitalization
for anorexia nervosa.Main Outcome Measure 
                  Incidence of invasive breast cancer.Results 
                  Compared with the Swedish general population, women hospitalized for
anorexia nervosa prior to age 40 years had a 53% (95% confidence interval
[CI], 3%-81%) lower incidence of breast cancer; nulliparous women with anorexia
nervosa had a 23% (95% CI, 79% higher to 75% lower) lower incidence, and parous
women with anorexia nervosa had a 76% (95% CI, 13%-97%) lower incidence.Conlusions 
                  Severe caloric restriction in humans may confer protection from invasive
breast cancer. Low caloric intake prior to first birth followed by a subsequent
pregnancy appears to be associated with an even more pronounced reduction
in risk.
SN  - 0098-7484
M3  - doi: 10.1001/jama.291.10.1226
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.10.1226
ER  -