RT Journal
A1 SIMPSON FF
T1 FActors which contribute to a reduction in mortality in abdominal surgery
JF Journal of the American Medical Association
JO Journal of the American Medical Association
YR 1909
FD October 9
VO LIII
IS 15
SP 1173
OP 1179
DO 10.1001/jama.1909.92550150001001h
UL http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1909.92550150001001h
AB In submitting this subject for discussion, I do not hope to offer anything new, but desire merely to present an outline, an approach to which has served to reduce my mortality and to improve my results in other respects.In offering surgical relief in an individual instance, we should be prepared to give the following reasonable and adequate assurance:First. 
    —That the risk to life, as this particular operation is to be done, is not out of proportion to the gravity of the disease. What chiefly concerns a patient undergoing operation is the risk to which she is subjected by the given surgeon with the facilities at his command, and not the death rate from this particular operation as done by the masters of surgery. In surgery, as in every other sphere of human endeavor, the element of personal equation largely determines results—one operator will habitually have a