RT Journal
A1 CUNNINGHAM JH, Jr.
T1 UReteral catheter for the detection and dislodgment of stones
JF Journal of the American Medical Association
JO Journal of the American Medical Association
YR 1909
FD April 24
VO LII
IS 17
SP 1331
OP 1331
DO 10.1001/jama.1909.25420430027003d
UL http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1909.25420430027003d
AB Previous to the employment of the x-ray as a means of detection of calculi in the ureter, the error in diagnosis between stones in the kidney and ureter was great. The employment of the x-ray has been of the greatest value in the diagnosis. This method of diagnosis, however, contains a two-fold error: first, the impossibility of detecting pure uric acid calculi; and, second, the presence of questionable shadows in, or near by, the course of the ureter. It has been a common mistake to cut down on supposed ureteral calculi because of shadows present in x-ray plates, and to find no ureteral stone, the shadow being due to a faulty plate, calcified gland, sclerotic artery, phlebolith, calcified bodies in muscle or fascia, or accentuated calcification in the transverse processes of the vertebræ. It has been recognized that a simple x-ray picture is subject to these