RT Journal
T1 THe pathogenesis of the eye signs of exophthalmic goiter
JF Journal of the American Medical Association
JO Journal of the American Medical Association
YR 1909
FD February 6
VO LII
IS 6
SP 476
OP 477
DO 10.1001/jama.1909.02540320048007
UL http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1909.02540320048007
AB Few anatomic structures are enshrouded in more obscurity than certain unstriped muscles external to the eye. They have, however, attained recently a new importance since the discovery of their relation to the symptoms of exophthalmic goiter.In 1858-59 Heinrich Müller described very briefly three groups of plain muscle fibers—one bridging over the infraorbital fissure, and one in each eyelid running vertically from the fornices of the conjunctiva to the superior and inferior tarsal plates respectively. Sappey's rather indefinite description of two bands of plain muscle lying one on either side of the eyeball, and termed by him "internal and external orbital muscles," has failed of confirmation at the hands of other competent anatomists.1 The plain muscles of the lids, now known as the superior and inferior tarsal muscles, together with the M. infraorbitalis, constitute the so-called muscle of Müller, and it has been theoretically advanced that a spastic condition