RT Journal A1 Nyhus LM T1 The rise of surgery: From empiric craft to scientific discipline JF JAMA JO JAMA YR 1979 FD November 23 VO 242 IS 21 SP 2344 OP 2344 DO 10.1001/jama.1979.03300210066032 UL http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1979.03300210066032 AB The Wangensteens have approached this broad subject from a new perspective, a look at the operations performed through the centuries, particularly operations developed for diseases or conditions of urgency. Thus, chapters include "Wound Management in Amputation," "Debridement," "Lithotomy and Lithotomists," "Tracheostomy and Respiratory Obstruction," "Ectopic Pregnancy," "Surgery of War," and 20 other fascinating presentations.The first presentation is entitled "Overview," and the last chapter is "Retrospect and Prospect." While the first chapter gives in capsule form highlights of the importance of anesthesia, antisepsis, and antibiotics, with detailed information to be found in separate chapters, the last chapter gives that special philosophy found only in a surgical educator and research scientist with decades of experience.A "picky" reviewer might fault the authors for being a bit colloquial in the choice of some 20th century historical highlights. But suffice it to say that the original contributions of the Minnesota group during Professor