RT Journal A1 Hildreth CJ, Burke AE, Glass RM T1 SMallpox JF JAMA JO JAMA YR 2009 FD March 11 VO 301 IS 10 SP 1086 OP 1086 DO 10.1001/jama.301.10.1086 UL http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.301.10.1086 AB Smallpox is a viral infection caused by the Variola virus (an Orthopoxvirus) that can affect people of all ages. Smallpox is contagious and has a 30% fatality rate. The infection manifests with a fever, which precedes the development of a progressive rash that occurs all over the body starting in the mouth and on the face. The rash appears as firm, fluid-filled, and singularly dimpled bumps that eventually become crusty and then form scabs. The rash can persist for several weeks and leaves pitted scars when the scabs fall off. There is no known treatment for smallpox.