RT Journal A1 Friedrich MJ T1 IMproving chemical management JF JAMA JO JAMA YR 2012 FD October 17 VO 308 IS 15 SP 1515 OP 1515 DO 10.1001/jama.2012.13773 UL http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.13773 AB The report points out that the production and use of chemicals, including fertilizers, petrochemicals, electronics, and plastics, is shifting to emerging and developing nations, where safeguards are weaker. The report also details the financial effects of chemical exposure on national economies as well as individuals. The costs of injury due to pesticide poisoning in sub-Saharan Africa between 2005 and 2009, for example, are estimated at US $6.2 billion.