RT Journal A1 Cole TB T1 MRs douse, chieftainess of kitwancool JF JAMA JO JAMA YR 2012 FD February 22 VO 307 IS 8 SP 756 OP 756 DO 10.1001/jama.2012.157 UL http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.157 AB The Canadian painter Emily Carr (1871-1945) was born in Victoria, British Columbia, in 1871, the year British Columbia became the sixth province of Canada. The Pacific coastline of British Columbia was Canada's western frontier, its settler communities interspersed with indigenous villages now known as First Nations communities. Although the settlers and villagers were often economically interdependent, they were culturally at cross-purposes; the settlers assumed their civilizing influence would assimilate the indigenous villages over time, and most villagers were just as determined to resist assimilation. Carr's career tracked the changing cultural values of British Columbia and Canada as a whole in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.