RT Journal A1 Friedrich MJ T1 FEmale genital mutilation JF JAMA JO JAMA YR 2012 FD August 15 VO 308 IS 7 SP 662 OP 662 DO 10.1001/2012.jama.10508 UL http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/2012.jama.10508 AB In a prospective trial conducted in France from 1998 to 2009, almost 3000 women 18 years and older from Mali, Senegal, Ivory Coast, and France who had suffered female genital mutilation underwent a new surgical procedure to restore clitoral anatomy and function. Most women in the study had a type II mutilation, which is removal of the clitoris and the labia minora, with or without excision of the labia majora.