RT Journal A1 Lown B T1 ABolishing nuclear weapons—reply JF JAMA JO JAMA YR 1999 FD January 6 VO 281 IS 1 SP 36 OP 37 DO 10-1001/pubs.JAMA-ISSN-0098-7484-281-1-jbk0106 UL http://dx.doi.org/10-1001/pubs.JAMA-ISSN-0098-7484-281-1-jbk0106 AB Dr Fouts is completely on target. The nidus of the pathology is among the permanent members of the UN Security Council and especially in Washington, DC, which has initiated and been a key player in shaping the atomic age. The concept of nonproliferation was flawed from the outset. The superpowers retained the right to keep testing and modernizing weapons notwithstanding their huge arsenals and their qualitative and quantitative dominance. At the same time, the nonweapons states were expected permanently to forswear any intent of acquiring nuclear military capabilities. Such a double standard could not be permanently enforced. The options were 2: either eradicate the malignant virus, nuclearism, or witness its spread. The events in South Asia confirm the bankruptcy of nuclear apartheid policies.