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IMMUNITY TO HUMAN AND PASSAGE POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS FREE

SIMON FLEXNER, M.D.
[+] Author Affiliations

Read before the Association of American Physicians, Atlantic City, N. J., May 3, 1932.


NEW YORK

From the Laboratories of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.


JAMA. 1932;99(15):1244-1246. doi:10.1001/jama.1932.02740670032009
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A considerable body of knowledge relating to active immunity to the virus of poliomyelitis has grown up since the condition was first described in 1910.1 This paper will deal briefly2 with several aspects of this immunity problem.

In the first place, attention will be given to the immunity produced in monkeys by the subcutaneous or the intradermal injection of specimens of virus passed through many monkeys or derived immediately from fatal cases of human poliomyelitis. A comparison of the quality of the immunity in the two cases will be made according to the resistance against infection and the demonstration of antiviral or neutralizing properties in the blood serums.

A consideration of this problem leads directly to questions of differences or variants of the virus as it exists in epidemics arising in separate years or in places widely removed from one another, and to changes produced in the human

REFERENCES

Flexner, Simon, and Lewis, P. A.:  Epidemic Poliomyelitis in Monkeys , J. A. M. A. 54:45 ( (Jan. 1) ) 1910;.
The complete paper will appear in the Journal of Experimental Medicine.
Burnet, F. M., and Macnamara, Jean: Brit. J. Exper. Path. 12: 57 ( (April) ) 1931;.
Weyer, E. R.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 29:289 ( (Dec.) ) 1931;.
Flexner, Simon, and Lewis, P. A.:  Experimental Poliomyelitis in Monkeys , J. A. M. A. 54: 1780 ( (May 28) ) 1910;.
Aycock, W. L., and Kagan, J. R.: J. Immunol. 14:85 ( (Aug.) ) 1927;.
Difficulties have been encountered in establishing the 1931 human virus in Macacus rhesus monkeys. It is common experience that a part only of human specimens can be successfully and enduringly implanted in monkeys. The reasons for the refractoriness of the 1931 virus in this respect are not known. Recently we have secured a specimen of virus which in the fifth and sixth passages is effective and, curiously enough, has induced prostrating paralysis in two of three monkeys on the third intradermal inoculation carried out for purposes of active immunization.
Flexner and Lewis [footnote 1].
Flexner, Simon: Science 74:520 [ (Nov. 20) ] 1931;
Flexner and Lewis (footnote 5).
Aycock and Kagan (footnote 5).
Stewart, F. W., and Rhoads, C. P.: J. Exper. Med. 49:959 ( (June) ) 1929;.
Flexner and Lewis (footnote 1).
Stewart and Rhoads (footnote 8).
Stewart and Rhoads (footnote 8).
Rhoads, C. P.: J. Exper. Med. 51:1 ( (Jan.) ) 1930;
53:115 (Jan.) 1931.
Brodie, Maurice, and Goldbloom, Alton: J. Exper. Med. 53:885 ( (June) ) 1931;.
Flexner, Simon; Clark, P. F., and Amoss, H. L.: J. Exper. Med. 19:195, 1914;.
Levaditi, C., and Hornus, G.: Bull. Acad. de méd. , Paris 107:580 ( (April 26) ) 1932;.

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Flexner, Simon, and Lewis, P. A.:  Epidemic Poliomyelitis in Monkeys , J. A. M. A. 54:45 ( (Jan. 1) ) 1910;.
The complete paper will appear in the Journal of Experimental Medicine.
Burnet, F. M., and Macnamara, Jean: Brit. J. Exper. Path. 12: 57 ( (April) ) 1931;.
Weyer, E. R.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 29:289 ( (Dec.) ) 1931;.
Flexner, Simon, and Lewis, P. A.:  Experimental Poliomyelitis in Monkeys , J. A. M. A. 54: 1780 ( (May 28) ) 1910;.
Aycock, W. L., and Kagan, J. R.: J. Immunol. 14:85 ( (Aug.) ) 1927;.
Difficulties have been encountered in establishing the 1931 human virus in Macacus rhesus monkeys. It is common experience that a part only of human specimens can be successfully and enduringly implanted in monkeys. The reasons for the refractoriness of the 1931 virus in this respect are not known. Recently we have secured a specimen of virus which in the fifth and sixth passages is effective and, curiously enough, has induced prostrating paralysis in two of three monkeys on the third intradermal inoculation carried out for purposes of active immunization.
Flexner and Lewis [footnote 1].
Flexner, Simon: Science 74:520 [ (Nov. 20) ] 1931;
Flexner and Lewis (footnote 5).
Aycock and Kagan (footnote 5).
Stewart, F. W., and Rhoads, C. P.: J. Exper. Med. 49:959 ( (June) ) 1929;.
Flexner and Lewis (footnote 1).
Stewart and Rhoads (footnote 8).
Stewart and Rhoads (footnote 8).
Rhoads, C. P.: J. Exper. Med. 51:1 ( (Jan.) ) 1930;
53:115 (Jan.) 1931.
Brodie, Maurice, and Goldbloom, Alton: J. Exper. Med. 53:885 ( (June) ) 1931;.
Flexner, Simon; Clark, P. F., and Amoss, H. L.: J. Exper. Med. 19:195, 1914;.
Levaditi, C., and Hornus, G.: Bull. Acad. de méd. , Paris 107:580 ( (April 26) ) 1932;.
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