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August 29, 1931, Vol 97, No. 9 >
ARTICLE | August 29, 1931

THE TYPHUS-ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER GROUP IN THE UNITED STATES FREE

R. E. DYER, M.D.; A. S. RUMREICH, M.D.; L. F. BADGER, M.D.
[+] Author Affiliations

Read before the Section on Preventive and Industrial Medicine and Public Health at the Eighty-Second Annual Session of the American Medical Association, Philadelphia, June 12, 1931.


JAMA. 1931;97(9):589-595. doi:10.1001/jama.1931.02730090003002
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References

Epidemic typhus fever has been a scourge in Europe for many centuries. First differentiated from typhoid by Gerhard1 in Philadelphia in 1837, epidemic typhus has been introduced into our Eastern seaports from time to time in connection with immigration. Tabardillo, or Mexican typhus, has been present in the highlands of Mexico for many years. The disease may possibly have been introduced into Mexico at the time of the Spanish Conquest or, as Mooser2 suggests, it may have been present in Mexico prior to the conquest. Tabardillo has been introduced across our Mexican border from time to time in much the same way that European epidemic typhus has been brought to our seaports. Brill's disease was described in this country by Dr. Nathan E. Brill, in 1910.3 Subsequent researches by Anderson and Goldberger4 identified this disease, immunologically, with Mexican typhus. In more recent years, largely through the

REFERENCES

1 +
Gerhard, W. W.: Am. J. M. Sc. 38: 25, 1837;.
2 +
Mooser, H.: J. Infect. Dis. 44: 186 ( (March) ) 1929;.
3 +
Brill, N. E.: Am. J. M. Sc. 139: 484, 1910;.
4 +
Anderson, J. F., and Goldberger, Joseph: Pub. Health Rep. 27, number (5) , 1912;.
5 +
Maxcy, K. F.: Pub. Health Rep. 41: 2967 ( (Dec. 24) ) 1926;.
6 +
Kuczynski, M. H.: Biologische und pathogenetische Studien , Berlin. Julius Springer, 1927;.
7 +
Munter, H.: Ztschr. f. Hyg. u. Infektionskr. 109: 124, 1928;.
8 +
Kerlee, A. L., and Spencer, R. R.: Pub. Health Rep. 44: 179 ( (Jan. 25) ) 1929;.
9 +
Spencer, R. R., and Maxcy, K. F.: Pub. Health Rep. 45: 440 ( (Feb. 28) ) 1930;.
10 +
Ricketts, H. T., and Wilder, R. M.:  The Relation of Typhus Fever (Tabardillo) to Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever , Arch. Int. Med. 5: 361 ( (April) ) 1910;.
11 +
Yersin, A., and Vassal, J. J.: Philippine J. Sc. 3: 131, 1908;.
12 +
Nicolle, C.; Comte, C., and Conseil, E.: Compt. rend. Acad. d. sc. 149: 486, 1909;.
13 +
Goldberger, Joseph; and Anderson, J. F.: Pub. Health Rep. 27, number (9) , 1912;.
14 +
Rumreich, A. S.; Dyer, R. E., and Badger, L. F.: Pub. Health Rep. 46: 470 ( (Feb. 27) ) 1931;.
15 +
Wilson, L. B., and Chowning, W. M.: First Biennial Report of Montana State Board of Health, 1902, p. 27.
16 +
Ricketts, H. T.: Contributions to Medical Science , Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1911;.
17 +
King, W. W.: Pub. Health Rep. 21: 863, 1906;.
18 +
McCalla, L. P.: M. Sentinal 16: 87, 1908;.
19 +
Ricketts, H. T.: M. Rec. 76: 842, 1909;.
20 +
Maver, M. B.: J. Infect. Dis. 8: 327, 1911;.
21 +
Badger, L. F.; Dyer, R. E., and Rumreich, A. S.: Pub. Health Rep. 46:463 ( (Feb. 27) ) 1931;.
22 +
Parker, R. R.: Bull. 154, Hyg. Lab., U. S. P. H. S., 1930, p. 72.
23 +
Dyer, R. E.; Badger, L. F., and Rumreich, A. S.: Pub. Health Rep. 46: 1403 ( (June 12) ) 1931;.
24 +
Ruiz Castaneda, M., and Zinsser, Hans: J. Exper. Med. 52: 661 ( (Nov.) ) 1930;.
25 +
Shelmire, Bedford; and Dove, W. E.:  The Tropical Rat Mite, Liponyssus Bacoti Hirst, 1914 , J. A. M. A. 96: 579 ( (Feb. 21) ) 1931;.
26 +
Zinsser, Hans: Personal communication to the authors.
27 +
Dyer, R. E.; Rumreich, A. S., and Badger, L. F.: Pub. Health Rep. 46: 334 ( (Feb. 13) ) 1931;.
28 +
Maxcy, K. F.: Pub. Health Rep. 44: 589 ( (March 15) ) 1929;.
29 +
Neill, M. H.: Pub. Health Rep. 32: 1105 ( (July 13) ) 1917;.
30 +
Mooser, H., and Dummer, Clyde: J. Exper. Med. 51: 189 ( (Feb.) ) 1930;.

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1 +
Gerhard, W. W.: Am. J. M. Sc. 38: 25, 1837;.
2 +
Mooser, H.: J. Infect. Dis. 44: 186 ( (March) ) 1929;.
3 +
Brill, N. E.: Am. J. M. Sc. 139: 484, 1910;.
4 +
Anderson, J. F., and Goldberger, Joseph: Pub. Health Rep. 27, number (5) , 1912;.
5 +
Maxcy, K. F.: Pub. Health Rep. 41: 2967 ( (Dec. 24) ) 1926;.
6 +
Kuczynski, M. H.: Biologische und pathogenetische Studien , Berlin. Julius Springer, 1927;.
7 +
Munter, H.: Ztschr. f. Hyg. u. Infektionskr. 109: 124, 1928;.
8 +
Kerlee, A. L., and Spencer, R. R.: Pub. Health Rep. 44: 179 ( (Jan. 25) ) 1929;.
9 +
Spencer, R. R., and Maxcy, K. F.: Pub. Health Rep. 45: 440 ( (Feb. 28) ) 1930;.
10 +
Ricketts, H. T., and Wilder, R. M.:  The Relation of Typhus Fever (Tabardillo) to Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever , Arch. Int. Med. 5: 361 ( (April) ) 1910;.
11 +
Yersin, A., and Vassal, J. J.: Philippine J. Sc. 3: 131, 1908;.
12 +
Nicolle, C.; Comte, C., and Conseil, E.: Compt. rend. Acad. d. sc. 149: 486, 1909;.
13 +
Goldberger, Joseph; and Anderson, J. F.: Pub. Health Rep. 27, number (9) , 1912;.
14 +
Rumreich, A. S.; Dyer, R. E., and Badger, L. F.: Pub. Health Rep. 46: 470 ( (Feb. 27) ) 1931;.
15 +
Wilson, L. B., and Chowning, W. M.: First Biennial Report of Montana State Board of Health, 1902, p. 27.
16 +
Ricketts, H. T.: Contributions to Medical Science , Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1911;.
17 +
King, W. W.: Pub. Health Rep. 21: 863, 1906;.
18 +
McCalla, L. P.: M. Sentinal 16: 87, 1908;.
19 +
Ricketts, H. T.: M. Rec. 76: 842, 1909;.
20 +
Maver, M. B.: J. Infect. Dis. 8: 327, 1911;.
21 +
Badger, L. F.; Dyer, R. E., and Rumreich, A. S.: Pub. Health Rep. 46:463 ( (Feb. 27) ) 1931;.
22 +
Parker, R. R.: Bull. 154, Hyg. Lab., U. S. P. H. S., 1930, p. 72.
23 +
Dyer, R. E.; Badger, L. F., and Rumreich, A. S.: Pub. Health Rep. 46: 1403 ( (June 12) ) 1931;.
24 +
Ruiz Castaneda, M., and Zinsser, Hans: J. Exper. Med. 52: 661 ( (Nov.) ) 1930;.
25 +
Shelmire, Bedford; and Dove, W. E.:  The Tropical Rat Mite, Liponyssus Bacoti Hirst, 1914 , J. A. M. A. 96: 579 ( (Feb. 21) ) 1931;.
26 +
Zinsser, Hans: Personal communication to the authors.
27 +
Dyer, R. E.; Rumreich, A. S., and Badger, L. F.: Pub. Health Rep. 46: 334 ( (Feb. 13) ) 1931;.
28 +
Maxcy, K. F.: Pub. Health Rep. 44: 589 ( (March 15) ) 1929;.
29 +
Neill, M. H.: Pub. Health Rep. 32: 1105 ( (July 13) ) 1917;.
30 +
Mooser, H., and Dummer, Clyde: J. Exper. Med. 51: 189 ( (Feb.) ) 1930;.

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