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January 4, 1919, Vol 72, No. 1 >
ARTICLE | January 4, 1919

ORIGIN OF THE SO-CALLED AUTO-INTOXICATION SYMPTOMS FREE

WALTER C. ALVAREZ, M.D.
[+] Author Affiliations

SAN FRANCISCO

From the George Williams Hooper Foundation for Medical Research, University of California Medical School.


JAMA. 1919;72(1):8-13. doi:10.1001/jama.1919.02610010014002
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References

The cave man of the glacial period and the savage of today would doubtless agree that practically all disease is due to the malevolence of evil spirits. That idea constituted the first system of medicine. The next one appeared with the dawn of civilization, when men awoke to the possibility that some diseases might arise from spontaneous derangements of the bodily functions, particularly those concerned in excretion. They reasoned that if feces are foul, then the body must be in the best condition when freest from such material. This idea, which is based on what appears to be an obvious truism, has always been an attractive one, particularly to the lay mind. The ancient Egyptians purged themselves at certain times in the moon's cycle, just as many people now take calomel in the spring. For thousands of years, physicians have been in the habit of purging their patients when they

REFERENCES

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Taylor: Digestion and Metabolism , Philadelphia, 1912;, p. 455.
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75: 507, 1915.
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Mutch: Brit. J. Surg. 2: 608, 1915;.
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Bywaters and Short: Arch. f. exper. Path. u. Pharmakol. 71: 426, 1913;.
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Combe: Intestinal Autointoxication , London, 1908;, p. 111.
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Jordan: Arch. Roentg. Ray 18: 231, 1913;.
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Alvarez, W. C.:  The Motor Functions of the Intestine from a New Point of View , J. A. M. A. 65:390 ( (July 31) ) 1915;, Note 41.
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Woolley: J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 1: 49, 1915;.
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Schloss, O. M.:  Intestinal Intoxication in Infants: The Importance of Impaired Renal Function , Am. J. Dis. Child. 15:165 ( (March) ) 1918;.
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Hertz: Constipation and Allied Disorders , London, 1909;, p. 164.
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Cabot: Differential Diagnosis , Ed. 3, 1: 35, 1915;.
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Hewlett: Functional Pathology of Internal Diseases, 1916, p. 198.
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Roberts, Dudley, in Discussion on Chronic Constipation, abstr. J. A. M. A. 69: 1518 ( (Nov. 3) ) 1917;.
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Zimmermann: Mitt. a. d. Grenzgeb. d. Med. u. Chir. 20: 445, 1909;.
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Mathieu:  Colon Reaction Syndrome , Arch. d. mal. d. l'app. digestiv 7: 676, 1913;.
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36: 169, 1915
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Rogers: Am. J. Physiol. 41: 555, 1916;.
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Dmitrenko: Inaug. Diss., Odessa, 1916, p. 312
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Physiol. Abstr. 2: 30, 1917;.
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Meltzer, New York M. J. 61: 749, 1895;.
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Muns: Proc. Soc. f. Exper. Biol. and Med. 12: 87, 1915;.
52 +
Miller: Am. J. Physiol. 37: 240, 1915;.
53 +
Von Bergmann: Berl. klin. Wchnschr. 50: 2374, 1913;.
54 +
Westphal and Katsch: Mitt. a. d. Grenzgeb. d. Med. u. Chir. 26: 391, 1913;.
55 +
Alvarez, W. C.:  The Syndrome of Mild Reverse Peristalsis , J. A. M. A. 69:2018 ( (Dec. 15) ) 1917;.
56 +
Alvarez: California State J. M. 14: 363, 1916;.
57 +
Franz:  The Physiological Study of a Case of Migraine , Am. J. Physiol. 19: 14, 1907;.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Clendenning (Interstate M. J. 22:1197, 1915;)
2 +
Taylor: Digestion and Metabolism , Philadelphia, 1912;, p. 455.
3 +
Taylor: Modern Medicine , Philadelphia 2: 503, 1914;.
4 +
Adami: Brit. M. J. 1: 177, 1914;.
5 +
Denys and Sluyts: La cellule 10: 67, 1893;.
6 +
Nesbitt: J. Exper. Med. 4: 6, 1899;.
7 +
Cohnheim: Nagel's Handbuch der Physiologie , Braunschweig 2: 615, 1907;.
8 +
Woolley: Jour. Lab. and Clin. Med. 1: 45, 1915;.
9 +
Distaso: Centralbl. f. Bakt., orig. 59: 48, 1911;
10 +
75: 507, 1915.
11 +
Mutch: Brit. J. Surg. 2: 608, 1915;.
12 +
Herter (New York M. J. 68: 89, 116, 1898;)
13 +
Bywaters and Short: Arch. f. exper. Path. u. Pharmakol. 71: 426, 1913;.
14 +
Edsall and Miller: Tr. Coll. Physic. , Philadelphia 24: 225, 1902;.
15 +
Wynter: Brit. M. J. 2: 1720, 1902;.
16 +
Adler: Am. J. M. Sc. 150: 565, 1915;.
17 +
Bouchard: Lectures on Auto-Intoxication in Disease, or Self Poisoning of the Individual , translated by Oliver, Philadelphia, 1894;, p. 145.
18 +
Combe: Intestinal Autointoxication , London, 1908;, p. 111.
19 +
Jordan: Arch. Roentg. Ray 18: 231, 1913;.
20 +
Alvarez, W. C.:  The Motor Functions of the Intestine from a New Point of View , J. A. M. A. 65:390 ( (July 31) ) 1915;, Note 41.
21 +
Mellanby: Quart. J. Med. 9: 164, 1916;.
22 +
Mutch: Quart. J. Med. 7: 448, 1914;.
23 +
Dale and Dixon: J. Physio. 39: 25, 1909;.
24 +
Metchnikoff: The Prolongation of Life , New York, 1908;.
25 +
Hull and Rettger: J. Bacteriol. 2: 47, 1917;.
26 +
Herter and Kendall: J. Biol. Chem. 5: 293, 1908;.
27 +
Einhorn, Wood and Züblin: Arch. f. Verdauungskr. 16: 300, 1910;.
28 +
Ráhe: J. Infect. Dis. 16: 210, 1915;.
29 +
Lane: The Operative Treatment of Chronic Intestinal Stasis , London, 1915;.
30 +
Harvey: Ann. Surg. 67:641 ( (June) ) 1918;.
31 +
Flint: Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 23: 302, 1912;.
32 +
Eisendrath and Schnoor: Ann. Surg. 60: 622, 1914;.
33 +
Alvarez: Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 26:651 ( (June) ) 1918;.
34 +
Woolley: J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 1: 49, 1915;.
35 +
Schloss, O. M.:  Intestinal Intoxication in Infants: The Importance of Impaired Renal Function , Am. J. Dis. Child. 15:165 ( (March) ) 1918;.
36 +
Hertz: Constipation and Allied Disorders , London, 1909;, p. 164.
37 +
Cabot: Differential Diagnosis , Ed. 3, 1: 35, 1915;.
38 +
Hewlett: Functional Pathology of Internal Diseases, 1916, p. 198.
39 +
Roberts, Dudley, in Discussion on Chronic Constipation, abstr. J. A. M. A. 69: 1518 ( (Nov. 3) ) 1917;.
40 +
Leube: Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med. 36: 323, 1885;.
41 +
Zimmermann: Mitt. a. d. Grenzgeb. d. Med. u. Chir. 20: 445, 1909;.
42 +
Mathieu:  Colon Reaction Syndrome , Arch. d. mal. d. l'app. digestiv 7: 676, 1913;.
43 +
Carlson: Am. J. Physiol. 31: 318, 1913;
44 +
36: 169, 1915
45 +
45: 144, 1918.
46 +
Rogers: Am. J. Physiol. 41: 555, 1916;.
47 +
Brunemeier and Carlson: Am. J. Physiol. 36: 194, 1915;.
48 +
Dmitrenko: Inaug. Diss., Odessa, 1916, p. 312
49 +
Physiol. Abstr. 2: 30, 1917;.
50 +
Meltzer, New York M. J. 61: 749, 1895;.
51 +
Muns: Proc. Soc. f. Exper. Biol. and Med. 12: 87, 1915;.
52 +
Miller: Am. J. Physiol. 37: 240, 1915;.
53 +
Von Bergmann: Berl. klin. Wchnschr. 50: 2374, 1913;.
54 +
Westphal and Katsch: Mitt. a. d. Grenzgeb. d. Med. u. Chir. 26: 391, 1913;.
55 +
Alvarez, W. C.:  The Syndrome of Mild Reverse Peristalsis , J. A. M. A. 69:2018 ( (Dec. 15) ) 1917;.
56 +
Alvarez: California State J. M. 14: 363, 1916;.
57 +
Franz:  The Physiological Study of a Case of Migraine , Am. J. Physiol. 19: 14, 1907;.

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