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Myocardial Enzyme Levels and Mortality After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Vincent R. Conti, MD; Taylor S. Riall, MD; Kristin M. Sheffield, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

Author Affiliations: Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (vconti@utmb.edu).


JAMA. 2011;306(1):39-40. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.894
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To the Editor: Dr Domanski and colleagues1 reviewed 7 studies correlating creatine kinase (CK-MB) levels early after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with survival. They concluded “mortality is an increasing function of CK-MB ratio” and “no threshold exists in the response relationship.” However, review of the individual studies suggests there is a threshold effect beyond which an increased risk of mortality exists. Figure 2 does not depict a linear relationship between CK-MB and 30-day mortality rate. Rather, the plot shows a quadratic or perhaps a threshold effect. The authors stated, “a linear term was used for the CK-MB ratio because this provided a better fit using a Cox model with covariates.” They did not state whether they tested for a nonlinear functional form of the CK-MB ratio, either by including polynomial functions or using a nonparametric method such as splines. The extreme CK-MB values may be driving the observed relationship between the continuous CK-MB variable and 30-day mortality rates.

In addition, other sources of CK-MB enzyme release should be considered. Atrial tissue contains as much CK-MB per gram of tissue as does ventricular muscle.2 Chest wall musculature has a higher percentage of CK-MB than peripheral skeletal muscle.2 Any suturing of the atrium,3 such as atrial cannulation for bypass and placing of pacing wires, leads to a background amount of CK-MB elevation. The expected elevations should have no relationship with short- or long-term survival. The authors did not mention any source of CK-MB elevation other than from ventricular muscle injury. Taking such sources into account could alter their conclusion regarding low levels of enzyme elevation.

AUTHOR INFORMATION

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest and none were reported.

REFERENCES

Domanski MJ, Mahaffey K, Hasselblad V,  et al.  Association of myocardial enzyme elevation and survival following coronary artery bypass graft surgery.  JAMA. 2011;305(6):585-591
PubMed
Graeber GM, Cafferty PJ, Wolf RE, Cohen DJ, Zajtchuk R. Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in the muscles encountered during median sternotomy and in the myocardium of the cardiac chambers.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1985;89(5):700-705
PubMed
Graeber GM, Shawl FA, Head HD,  et al.  Changes in serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase caused by acute perioperative myocardial infarction and by transatrial cardiac surgical procedures.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1986;92(1):63-72
PubMed

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Domanski MJ, Mahaffey K, Hasselblad V,  et al.  Association of myocardial enzyme elevation and survival following coronary artery bypass graft surgery.  JAMA. 2011;305(6):585-591
PubMed
Graeber GM, Cafferty PJ, Wolf RE, Cohen DJ, Zajtchuk R. Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in the muscles encountered during median sternotomy and in the myocardium of the cardiac chambers.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1985;89(5):700-705
PubMed
Graeber GM, Shawl FA, Head HD,  et al.  Changes in serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase caused by acute perioperative myocardial infarction and by transatrial cardiac surgical procedures.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1986;92(1):63-72
PubMed
July 6, 2011
Michael J. Domanski, MD; Kenneth Mahaffey, MD; Vic Hasselblad, PhD
JAMA. 2011;306(1):39-40. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.896.
July 6, 2011
Khaled D. Algarni, MD
JAMA. 2011;306(1):39-40. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.895.
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