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Evidence-Based Nutrition Guidelines for Critically Ill Adults

Marcus J. Schultz, MD, PhD; Peter Spronk, MD; Robert Tepaske, MD, PhD
JAMA. 2009;301(15):1542-1544. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.492
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To the Editor: Although providing early nutritional support of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a strategy that may significantly reduce mortality, its implementation is far from complete. In their randomized controlled trial, Dr Doig and colleagues1 successfully developed and implemented a complex evidence-based nutrition guideline promoting early feeding, using a multifaceted practice change strategy. All hospitals implemented the nutrition guideline, resulting in a significant increase in the number of patients who received nutritional support during ICU stay and who were fed early (within 24 hours of ICU admission).

However, whether practice will continue to remain good after the initial guideline implementation remains uncertain. This question was not tested in the study by Doig et al, since the cluster randomized trial did not assess nutritional support beyond the 20-week study period. During the recruitment phase, dietitian site investigators may have been especially successful in motivating their colleagues to comply with the protocol. Adherence to the nutrition guideline might not continue after cessation of control-chart graphs to evaluate site performances. The study showed that a multifaceted approach has the potential to improve cumbersome nutrition practice; what is not known is whether such an approach results in a sustained improvement.

We are uncertain how to interpret measures of nutritional support guideline uptake, in particular the mean energy delivered per patient. Although it was reported that mean energy delivered (among all patients) was not different between patients in guideline vs control hospitals, and also that energy delivered (among fed patients) was not different over time, it is not stated whether there was any difference between patients over time in guideline vs control hospitals (ie, per day from days 1 to 7).

It is important to understand how measures of nutritional support guideline uptake were collected. It is not clear if data were presented as delivered volumes. Disappointingly large differences between prescribed and delivered volumes of enteral feeding in patients fed by gastric and duodenal feeding tubes have been described.2 These differences are believed to be due to delays in change of nutrition bottles or bags or inappropriate reasons for stopping the nutritional intake. In addition, technical factors may be responsible for clinically relevant discrepancies between prescribed and delivered volumes of enteral nutrition in ICU patients.3

AUTHOR INFORMATION

Financial Disclosures: None reported.

REFERENCES

Doig GS, Simpson F, Finfer S,  et al; Nutrition Guidelines Investigators of the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group.  Effect of evidence-based feeding guidelines on mortality of critically ill adults: a cluster randomized controlled trial.  JAMA. 2008;300(23):2731-2741
PubMedCrossRef
Binnekade JM, Tepaske R, Bruynzeel P, Mathus-Vliegen EM, de Hann RJ. Daily enteral feeding practice on the ICU: attainment of goals and interfering factors.  Crit Care. 2005;9(3):R218-R225
PubMedCrossRef
Tepaske R, Binnekade JM, Goedhart PT, Schultz MJ, Vroom MB, Mathus-Vliegen EM. Clinically relevant differences in accuracy of enteral nutrition feeding pump systems.  JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2006;30(4):339-343
PubMedCrossRef

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Doig GS, Simpson F, Finfer S,  et al; Nutrition Guidelines Investigators of the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group.  Effect of evidence-based feeding guidelines on mortality of critically ill adults: a cluster randomized controlled trial.  JAMA. 2008;300(23):2731-2741
PubMedCrossRef
Binnekade JM, Tepaske R, Bruynzeel P, Mathus-Vliegen EM, de Hann RJ. Daily enteral feeding practice on the ICU: attainment of goals and interfering factors.  Crit Care. 2005;9(3):R218-R225
PubMedCrossRef
Tepaske R, Binnekade JM, Goedhart PT, Schultz MJ, Vroom MB, Mathus-Vliegen EM. Clinically relevant differences in accuracy of enteral nutrition feeding pump systems.  JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2006;30(4):339-343
PubMedCrossRef
April 15, 2009
Thomas E. Finucane, MD
JAMA. 2009;301(15):1542-1544.
April 15, 2009
Gordon S. Doig, PhD; Fiona Simpson, MND
JAMA. 2009;301(15):1542-1544.
April 15, 2009
Naomi E. Jones, RD, MSc; Daren K. Heyland, MD
JAMA. 2009;301(15):1542-1544.
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