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December 10, 1997, Vol 278, No. 22 >
ARTICLE | December 10, 1997

Nasal Polyps and Sinusitis FREE

Raymond G. Slavin, MD
JAMA. 1997;278(22):1849-1854. doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03550220055009
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Published online
Article
References

Despite the prevalence and long history of nasal polyps, many questions still exist with respect to incidence and pathogenesis. Although allergy has been commonly thought to be a major cause, much compelling evidence argues against this. Medical therapy consists of a short course of systemic steroids fol lowed by intranasal steroids. Sinusitis is the most commonly reported chronic disease in the United States. Decrease in ostial size, retention of secretions, and decrease in mucociliary action all contribute to the pathogenesis of sinusitis. The clinical presentation of chronic sinusitis is generally subtle and the clinical index of suspicion must be high. Limited coronal computed tomography is regarded as the most definitive and cost-effective imaging technique for the diagnosis of sinusitis. Appropriate antibiotics must be administered for a sufficient period. In medically resistant sinusitis, functional endoscopic sinus surgery has emerged as the procedure of choice.

REFERENCES

1 +
Moloney JR.  Nasal polyps, nasal polypectomy, asthma and aspirin sensitivity: their association in 445 cases of nasal polyps . J Laryngol Otol . 1977;;91:837-846.
2 +
Stern RC, Boat TF, Wood RE, et al.  Treatment and prognosis of nasal polyps in cystic fibrosis . AJDC . 1982;;136:1067-1070.
3 +
Stoop AE, van der Heijden HAM, Biewenga J, van der Baan S.  Eosinophils in nasal polyps and nasal mucosa: an immunohistochemical study . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1993;;91:616-622.
4 +
Chandra RK, Abol BM.  Immunopathology of nasal polypi . J Laryngol Otol . 1974;;88:1019-1025.
5 +
Elovic A, Wong DTW, Weller PF, Matossian K, Gelli SJ.  Expression of transforming growth factorsalpha and beta 1 messenger RNA and product by eosinophils in nasal polyps . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1994;;93:864-869.
6 +
Ohno I, Nitta Y, Yamauchi Y, et al.  Eosinophils as a potential source of platelet-growth factor B-chain (PDGF-B) in nasal polyposis and bronchial asthma . Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol . 1995;;13:639-647.
7 +
Henderson WR Jr, Chi E Y.  Degranulation of cystic fibrosis nasal polyp mast cells . J Pathol . 1992;;166:395-404.
8 +
Slavin RG.  Allergy is not a significant cause of nasal polyps . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1992;;118:771-774.
9 +
Caplin I, Haynes TJ, Spahn J.  Are nasal polyps an allergic phenomenon? Ann Allergy . 1971;;29:631-634.
10 +
Settipane GA.  Nasal polyps . Immunol Allergy Clin North Am . 1987;;7:105-116.
11 +
Drake-Lee AB, Lowe D, Swanston A, et al.  Clinical profile and recurrence of nasal polyps . J Laryngol Otol . 1984;;98:783-793.
12 +
Keith PK, Conway M, Evans S, et al.  Nasal polyps: effects of seasonal allergen exposure . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1994;;93:567-574.
13 +
Finotto S, Dolovich J, Denburg JA, Jordana M, Marshall JS.  Functional heterogeneity of mast cells isolated from different microenvironments within nasal polyp tissue . Clin Exp Immunol . 1994;;95:343-350.
14 +
Settipane GA, Chaffee FH, Klein DE.  Aspirin intolerance: a prospective study in an atopic and normal population . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1974;;53:200-204.
15 +
Settipane GA, Chaffee FH, Klein DE.  A critical evaluation of aspirin challenge in patients with nasal polyps . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1982;;69:148. Abstract.
16 +
Guntert VG.  A serious complication (blindness) after intranasal injection of hydrocortisone . HNO (Berlin) . 1963;;11:77-80.
17 +
Mygind N, Pederson DB, Prytz S, et al.  Treatment of nasal polyps with intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol . Clin Allergy . 1975;;5:159-162.
18 +
Ruhno J, Anderson B, Denburg J, et al.  A double-blind comparison of intranasal budesonide with placebo for nasal polyposis . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1990;;86:946-953.
19 +
Mygind N, Prytz S, Sorensen H, Pedersen CB.  Long-term management of nasal polyps with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol, I: treatment and rationale . Acta Otolaryngol . 1976;;82:252-255.
20 +
Sorenson H, Mygind N, Pedersen CB, Prytz S.  Long-term treatment of nasal polyps with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol, III: morphological studies and conclusions . Acta Otolaryngol . 1976;;2:260-262.
21 +
Lanza DE, Kennedy DW.  Current concepts in the surgical management of nasal polyposis . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1992;;90:543-546.
22 +
Schenck NL.  Nasal polypectomy in the aspirin sensitive asthmatic . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol . 1974;;78:109-119.
23 +
Brown BL, Harner SG, VanDellen RG.  Nasal polypectomy in patients with asthma and sensitivity to aspirin . Arch Otolaryngol . 1979;;105:413-416.
24 +
Benson V, Marono MA.  Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, 1993, National Center for Health Statistics . Vital Health Stat . 1993;;10( (182) ).
25 +
McCaig LF, Hughes JM.  Trends in antimicrobial drug prescribing among office-based physicians in the United States . JAMA . 1995;;273:214-219.
26 +
Gliklich RE, Metson R.  The health impact of chronic sinusitis in patients seeking otolaryngologic care . Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1995;;113:104-109.
27 +
Lund VJ, Kennedy DW.  Quantification for staging sinusitis: the Staging and Therapy Group . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1995;;167( (suppl) ):17-21.
28 +
Rohr AS, Spector SL.  Paranasal sinus anatomy and pathophysiology . Clin Rev Allergy . 1984;;2:387-395.
29 +
Stiehm ER.  Immunodeficiency disorders: general considerations . In: Stiehm ER, ed. Immunologic Disorders in Infants and Children . 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1989;:157-196.
30 +
Oxelius V, Laurel A, Lindquist B, et al.  IgG subclasses in selective IgA deficiency . N Engl J Med . 1981;;304:1476-1477.
31 +
Umetsu DT, Ambrosino DM, Quinti I,Siber GR, Geha RS.  Recurrent sinopulmonary infection with impaired antibody response to bacterial capsular polysaccharide antigen in children with selective IgG-subclass deficiency . N Engl J Med . 1985;;313:1247-1251.
32 +
Rachelefsky G, Goldberg M, Katz RM, et al.  Sinus disease in children with respiratory allergy . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1978;;61:310-314.
33 +
Shapiro G.  Role of allergy in sinusitis . Pediatr Infect Dis . 1985;;4( (suppl) ):S55-S59.
34 +
Georgitis JW, Matthews BL, Stone B.  Chronic sinusitis: characterization of cellular influx and inflammatory mediators in sinus lavage fluid . Int Arch Allergy Immunol . 1995;;106:416-421.
35 +
Baroody FM, Hughes CA, McDowell P, Hruban R, Zinreich SJ, Naclerio RM.  Eosinophilia in chronic childhood sinusitis . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1995;;121:1396-1402.
36 +
Hamilos DL, Leung DYM, Wood R, et al.  Chronic hyperplastic sinusitis: association of tissue eosinophilia with mRNAexpression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1993;;92:39-48.
37 +
Evans FO Jr, Syndnor JB, Moore WE, et al.  Sinusitis of the maxillary antrum . N Engl J Med . 1975;;293:735-739.
38 +
Wald ER, Milmoe GJ, Bowen A, et al.  Acute maxillary sinusitis in children . N Engl J Med . 1981;;304:749-754.
39 +
Brook I.  Bacteriology of chronic maxillary sinusitis in adults . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1989;;98:426-428.
40 +
Ramadan HH.  What is the bacteriology of chronic sinusitis in adults? Am J Otolaryngol . 1995;;16:303-306.
41 +
Wald ER, Byers C, Guerra N, et al.  Subacute sinusitis in children . J Pediatr . 1989;;115:28-32.
42 +
Goldenhersh MJ, Rochelefsky GS, Dudley J, et al.  The microbiology of chronic sinus disease in children with respiratory allergy . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1990;;85:1030-1039.
43 +
Wald ER.  Chronic sinusitis in children . J Pediatr . 1995;;127:339-347.
44 +
Upadhyay S, Marks SC, Arden RL, Crane LR, Cohn AM.  Bacteriology of sinusitis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients: implications for management . Laryngoscope . 1995;;105:1058-1060.
45 +
Milgrim LM, Rubin JS, Rosenstreich DL, Small CB.  Sinusitis in human immunodeficiency virus infection: typical and atypical organisms . J Otolaryngol . 1994;;23:450-453.
46 +
Meyer RD, Gaultier CR, Yamashita JT, Babapour R, Pitchon HE, Wolfe PR.  Fungal sinusitis in patients with AIDS: report of 4 cases and review of the literature . Medicine . 1994;;73:69-78.
47 +
Morgan MA, Wilson WR, Neel HB III, et al.  Fungal sinusitis in healthy and immunocompromised individuals . Am J Clin Pathol . 1984;;82:597-601.
48 +
Hora J.  Primary aspergillosis of paranasal sinuses and associated areas . Laryngoscope . 1965;;75:768-773.
49 +
Katzenstein AL, Sale SR, Greenberger PA.  Allergic aspergillus sinusitis: a newly recognized form of sinusitis . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1983;;72:89-93.
50 +
Kovatch AL, Wald ER, Ledesma-Medina J, et al.  Maxillary sinus radiographs in children with non-respiratory complaints . Pediatrics . 1984;;73:306-308.
51 +
Oliverio PJ, Benson ML, Zinreich SJ.  Update on imaging for functional endoscopic sinus surgery . Otolaryngol Clin North Am . 1995;;28:585-608.
52 +
Wippold FJ II, Levitt RG, Evens RG, Koren-blat PE, Hodges FJ III, Jost RJ.  Limited coronal CT: an alternative screening examination for sinonasal inflammatory disease . Allergy Proc . 1995;;16:165-169.
53 +
Gwaltney JM Jr, Phillips CD, Miller RD, Riker DK.  Computed tomographic study of the common cold . N Engl J Med . 1994;;330:25-30.
54 +
Spector SL, Lotan A, English G, et al.  Comparison between transillumination and the roentgenogram in diagnosing paranasal sinus disease . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1981;;67:22-26.
55 +
Mann W, Beck C, Apostolides T.  Liability of ultrasound in maxillary sinus disease . Arch Otorhino-laryngol . 1977;;215:67-74.
56 +
Shapiro G, Furukawa CT, Pierson WE, et al.  Blinded comparison of maxillary sinus radiograph and ultrasound for diagnosis of sinusitis . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1989;;77:59-64.
57 +
Sheffield RW, Cassisi NJ, Karlan MS.  Complications of sinusitis: what to watch for . Postgrad Med . 1978;;63:93-101.
58 +
Meln I, Friberg B, Andreasson L, et al.  Effects of phenylpropanolamine on ostial and nasal patency with patients treated for chronic maxillary sinusitis . Acta Otolaryngol . 1986;;101:494-500.
59 +
Meltzer EO, Orgel HA, Bockhaus JW, et al.  Intranasal flunisolide spray as an adjunct to oral antibiotic treatment for sinusitis . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1993;;92:812-820.
60 +
Hamory BH, Sande MA, Sydnor A Jr, Seale DC, Gwaltney JM Jr.  Etiology and antimicrobiological therapy of acute maxillary sinusitis . J Infect Dis . 1979;;139:197-202.
61 +
Wald ER, Chiponis D, Ledesma-Medina J.  Comparative effectiveness of amoxicillin and amoxicillinclavulanate potassium in acute paranasal sinus infections in children: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial . Pediatrics . 1986;;77:795-800.
62 +
Kennedy DW.  Functional endoscopic sinus surgery technique . Arch Otolaryngol . 1985;;111:643-649.
63 +
Slavin RG.  Sinusitis . In: Fireman P, Slavin RG, eds. Atlas of Allergies . 2nd ed. London, England: Mosby International; 1996;:169.
64 +
Gottlieb MS.  Relation of intranasal sinus disease in the production of asthma . JAMA . 1925;;85:105-109.
65 +
Rossi OV, Pirila T, Laitinen J, Huhti E.  Sinus aspirates and radiographic abnormalities in severe attacks of asthma . Arch Allergy Immunol . 1994;;103:209-213.
66 +
Fuller CG, Schoettler JJ, Gilsanz V, Nelson MDJ, Church JA, Richard W.  Sinusitis in status asthmaticus . Clin Pediatr . 1994;;33:712-719.
67 +
Rachelefsky GS, Katz RM, Siegel SC.  Chronic sinus disease with associated reactive airway disease in children . Pediatrics . 1984;;73:526-529.
68 +
Friedman R, Ackerman M, Wald E, et al.  Asthma and bacterial sinusitis in children . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1984;;74:185-189.
69 +
Mings R, Friedman WH, Slavin RG, et al.  Five year follow-up of the effects of bilateral intranasal sphenoethmoidectomy in patients with sinusitis and asthma . Am J Rhinol . 1988;;71:123-127.
70 +
Parsons DL, Phillips SE.  Functional endoscopic surgery in children: a retrospective analysis of results . Laryngoscope . 1993;;103:899-907.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Moloney JR.  Nasal polyps, nasal polypectomy, asthma and aspirin sensitivity: their association in 445 cases of nasal polyps . J Laryngol Otol . 1977;;91:837-846.
2 +
Stern RC, Boat TF, Wood RE, et al.  Treatment and prognosis of nasal polyps in cystic fibrosis . AJDC . 1982;;136:1067-1070.
3 +
Stoop AE, van der Heijden HAM, Biewenga J, van der Baan S.  Eosinophils in nasal polyps and nasal mucosa: an immunohistochemical study . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1993;;91:616-622.
4 +
Chandra RK, Abol BM.  Immunopathology of nasal polypi . J Laryngol Otol . 1974;;88:1019-1025.
5 +
Elovic A, Wong DTW, Weller PF, Matossian K, Gelli SJ.  Expression of transforming growth factorsalpha and beta 1 messenger RNA and product by eosinophils in nasal polyps . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1994;;93:864-869.
6 +
Ohno I, Nitta Y, Yamauchi Y, et al.  Eosinophils as a potential source of platelet-growth factor B-chain (PDGF-B) in nasal polyposis and bronchial asthma . Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol . 1995;;13:639-647.
7 +
Henderson WR Jr, Chi E Y.  Degranulation of cystic fibrosis nasal polyp mast cells . J Pathol . 1992;;166:395-404.
8 +
Slavin RG.  Allergy is not a significant cause of nasal polyps . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1992;;118:771-774.
9 +
Caplin I, Haynes TJ, Spahn J.  Are nasal polyps an allergic phenomenon? Ann Allergy . 1971;;29:631-634.
10 +
Settipane GA.  Nasal polyps . Immunol Allergy Clin North Am . 1987;;7:105-116.
11 +
Drake-Lee AB, Lowe D, Swanston A, et al.  Clinical profile and recurrence of nasal polyps . J Laryngol Otol . 1984;;98:783-793.
12 +
Keith PK, Conway M, Evans S, et al.  Nasal polyps: effects of seasonal allergen exposure . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1994;;93:567-574.
13 +
Finotto S, Dolovich J, Denburg JA, Jordana M, Marshall JS.  Functional heterogeneity of mast cells isolated from different microenvironments within nasal polyp tissue . Clin Exp Immunol . 1994;;95:343-350.
14 +
Settipane GA, Chaffee FH, Klein DE.  Aspirin intolerance: a prospective study in an atopic and normal population . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1974;;53:200-204.
15 +
Settipane GA, Chaffee FH, Klein DE.  A critical evaluation of aspirin challenge in patients with nasal polyps . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1982;;69:148. Abstract.
16 +
Guntert VG.  A serious complication (blindness) after intranasal injection of hydrocortisone . HNO (Berlin) . 1963;;11:77-80.
17 +
Mygind N, Pederson DB, Prytz S, et al.  Treatment of nasal polyps with intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol . Clin Allergy . 1975;;5:159-162.
18 +
Ruhno J, Anderson B, Denburg J, et al.  A double-blind comparison of intranasal budesonide with placebo for nasal polyposis . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1990;;86:946-953.
19 +
Mygind N, Prytz S, Sorensen H, Pedersen CB.  Long-term management of nasal polyps with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol, I: treatment and rationale . Acta Otolaryngol . 1976;;82:252-255.
20 +
Sorenson H, Mygind N, Pedersen CB, Prytz S.  Long-term treatment of nasal polyps with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol, III: morphological studies and conclusions . Acta Otolaryngol . 1976;;2:260-262.
21 +
Lanza DE, Kennedy DW.  Current concepts in the surgical management of nasal polyposis . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1992;;90:543-546.
22 +
Schenck NL.  Nasal polypectomy in the aspirin sensitive asthmatic . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol . 1974;;78:109-119.
23 +
Brown BL, Harner SG, VanDellen RG.  Nasal polypectomy in patients with asthma and sensitivity to aspirin . Arch Otolaryngol . 1979;;105:413-416.
24 +
Benson V, Marono MA.  Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, 1993, National Center for Health Statistics . Vital Health Stat . 1993;;10( (182) ).
25 +
McCaig LF, Hughes JM.  Trends in antimicrobial drug prescribing among office-based physicians in the United States . JAMA . 1995;;273:214-219.
26 +
Gliklich RE, Metson R.  The health impact of chronic sinusitis in patients seeking otolaryngologic care . Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1995;;113:104-109.
27 +
Lund VJ, Kennedy DW.  Quantification for staging sinusitis: the Staging and Therapy Group . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1995;;167( (suppl) ):17-21.
28 +
Rohr AS, Spector SL.  Paranasal sinus anatomy and pathophysiology . Clin Rev Allergy . 1984;;2:387-395.
29 +
Stiehm ER.  Immunodeficiency disorders: general considerations . In: Stiehm ER, ed. Immunologic Disorders in Infants and Children . 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1989;:157-196.
30 +
Oxelius V, Laurel A, Lindquist B, et al.  IgG subclasses in selective IgA deficiency . N Engl J Med . 1981;;304:1476-1477.
31 +
Umetsu DT, Ambrosino DM, Quinti I,Siber GR, Geha RS.  Recurrent sinopulmonary infection with impaired antibody response to bacterial capsular polysaccharide antigen in children with selective IgG-subclass deficiency . N Engl J Med . 1985;;313:1247-1251.
32 +
Rachelefsky G, Goldberg M, Katz RM, et al.  Sinus disease in children with respiratory allergy . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1978;;61:310-314.
33 +
Shapiro G.  Role of allergy in sinusitis . Pediatr Infect Dis . 1985;;4( (suppl) ):S55-S59.
34 +
Georgitis JW, Matthews BL, Stone B.  Chronic sinusitis: characterization of cellular influx and inflammatory mediators in sinus lavage fluid . Int Arch Allergy Immunol . 1995;;106:416-421.
35 +
Baroody FM, Hughes CA, McDowell P, Hruban R, Zinreich SJ, Naclerio RM.  Eosinophilia in chronic childhood sinusitis . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1995;;121:1396-1402.
36 +
Hamilos DL, Leung DYM, Wood R, et al.  Chronic hyperplastic sinusitis: association of tissue eosinophilia with mRNAexpression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1993;;92:39-48.
37 +
Evans FO Jr, Syndnor JB, Moore WE, et al.  Sinusitis of the maxillary antrum . N Engl J Med . 1975;;293:735-739.
38 +
Wald ER, Milmoe GJ, Bowen A, et al.  Acute maxillary sinusitis in children . N Engl J Med . 1981;;304:749-754.
39 +
Brook I.  Bacteriology of chronic maxillary sinusitis in adults . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol . 1989;;98:426-428.
40 +
Ramadan HH.  What is the bacteriology of chronic sinusitis in adults? Am J Otolaryngol . 1995;;16:303-306.
41 +
Wald ER, Byers C, Guerra N, et al.  Subacute sinusitis in children . J Pediatr . 1989;;115:28-32.
42 +
Goldenhersh MJ, Rochelefsky GS, Dudley J, et al.  The microbiology of chronic sinus disease in children with respiratory allergy . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1990;;85:1030-1039.
43 +
Wald ER.  Chronic sinusitis in children . J Pediatr . 1995;;127:339-347.
44 +
Upadhyay S, Marks SC, Arden RL, Crane LR, Cohn AM.  Bacteriology of sinusitis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients: implications for management . Laryngoscope . 1995;;105:1058-1060.
45 +
Milgrim LM, Rubin JS, Rosenstreich DL, Small CB.  Sinusitis in human immunodeficiency virus infection: typical and atypical organisms . J Otolaryngol . 1994;;23:450-453.
46 +
Meyer RD, Gaultier CR, Yamashita JT, Babapour R, Pitchon HE, Wolfe PR.  Fungal sinusitis in patients with AIDS: report of 4 cases and review of the literature . Medicine . 1994;;73:69-78.
47 +
Morgan MA, Wilson WR, Neel HB III, et al.  Fungal sinusitis in healthy and immunocompromised individuals . Am J Clin Pathol . 1984;;82:597-601.
48 +
Hora J.  Primary aspergillosis of paranasal sinuses and associated areas . Laryngoscope . 1965;;75:768-773.
49 +
Katzenstein AL, Sale SR, Greenberger PA.  Allergic aspergillus sinusitis: a newly recognized form of sinusitis . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1983;;72:89-93.
50 +
Kovatch AL, Wald ER, Ledesma-Medina J, et al.  Maxillary sinus radiographs in children with non-respiratory complaints . Pediatrics . 1984;;73:306-308.
51 +
Oliverio PJ, Benson ML, Zinreich SJ.  Update on imaging for functional endoscopic sinus surgery . Otolaryngol Clin North Am . 1995;;28:585-608.
52 +
Wippold FJ II, Levitt RG, Evens RG, Koren-blat PE, Hodges FJ III, Jost RJ.  Limited coronal CT: an alternative screening examination for sinonasal inflammatory disease . Allergy Proc . 1995;;16:165-169.
53 +
Gwaltney JM Jr, Phillips CD, Miller RD, Riker DK.  Computed tomographic study of the common cold . N Engl J Med . 1994;;330:25-30.
54 +
Spector SL, Lotan A, English G, et al.  Comparison between transillumination and the roentgenogram in diagnosing paranasal sinus disease . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1981;;67:22-26.
55 +
Mann W, Beck C, Apostolides T.  Liability of ultrasound in maxillary sinus disease . Arch Otorhino-laryngol . 1977;;215:67-74.
56 +
Shapiro G, Furukawa CT, Pierson WE, et al.  Blinded comparison of maxillary sinus radiograph and ultrasound for diagnosis of sinusitis . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1989;;77:59-64.
57 +
Sheffield RW, Cassisi NJ, Karlan MS.  Complications of sinusitis: what to watch for . Postgrad Med . 1978;;63:93-101.
58 +
Meln I, Friberg B, Andreasson L, et al.  Effects of phenylpropanolamine on ostial and nasal patency with patients treated for chronic maxillary sinusitis . Acta Otolaryngol . 1986;;101:494-500.
59 +
Meltzer EO, Orgel HA, Bockhaus JW, et al.  Intranasal flunisolide spray as an adjunct to oral antibiotic treatment for sinusitis . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1993;;92:812-820.
60 +
Hamory BH, Sande MA, Sydnor A Jr, Seale DC, Gwaltney JM Jr.  Etiology and antimicrobiological therapy of acute maxillary sinusitis . J Infect Dis . 1979;;139:197-202.
61 +
Wald ER, Chiponis D, Ledesma-Medina J.  Comparative effectiveness of amoxicillin and amoxicillinclavulanate potassium in acute paranasal sinus infections in children: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial . Pediatrics . 1986;;77:795-800.
62 +
Kennedy DW.  Functional endoscopic sinus surgery technique . Arch Otolaryngol . 1985;;111:643-649.
63 +
Slavin RG.  Sinusitis . In: Fireman P, Slavin RG, eds. Atlas of Allergies . 2nd ed. London, England: Mosby International; 1996;:169.
64 +
Gottlieb MS.  Relation of intranasal sinus disease in the production of asthma . JAMA . 1925;;85:105-109.
65 +
Rossi OV, Pirila T, Laitinen J, Huhti E.  Sinus aspirates and radiographic abnormalities in severe attacks of asthma . Arch Allergy Immunol . 1994;;103:209-213.
66 +
Fuller CG, Schoettler JJ, Gilsanz V, Nelson MDJ, Church JA, Richard W.  Sinusitis in status asthmaticus . Clin Pediatr . 1994;;33:712-719.
67 +
Rachelefsky GS, Katz RM, Siegel SC.  Chronic sinus disease with associated reactive airway disease in children . Pediatrics . 1984;;73:526-529.
68 +
Friedman R, Ackerman M, Wald E, et al.  Asthma and bacterial sinusitis in children . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 1984;;74:185-189.
69 +
Mings R, Friedman WH, Slavin RG, et al.  Five year follow-up of the effects of bilateral intranasal sphenoethmoidectomy in patients with sinusitis and asthma . Am J Rhinol . 1988;;71:123-127.
70 +
Parsons DL, Phillips SE.  Functional endoscopic surgery in children: a retrospective analysis of results . Laryngoscope . 1993;;103:899-907.

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AAM 2010;304:1493-1495.
All you need to read in the other general journals
BMJ 2010;341:c5893-c1494.
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