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September 10, 1997, Vol 278, No. 10 >
ARTICLE | September 10, 1997

Typhoid Fever FREE

Jonathan M. Zenilman, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprints: Jonathan M. Zenilman, MD, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Research Bldg, Room 1159, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205 (e-mail: jzenilma@welchlink.welch.jhu.edu).

Grand Rounds at The Johns Hopkins Hospital section editors: David B. Hellmann, MD, D. William Schlott, MD, Stephen D. Sisson, MD, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md; David S. Cooper, MD, Contributing Editor, JAMA.


JAMA. 1997;278(10):847-850. doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03550100073042
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References

CASE PRESENTATION  A 35-year-old Maryland woman came to her local hospital on December 4, 1994, complaining of fever and chills for 1 week. She was 25 weeks pregnant. Four weeks earlier, she and her husband and young daughter had visited relatives in a city about 320 km northwest of Bombay, India. She had not received pretravel vaccinations or malaria prophylaxis, and she did not take any specific food or water precautions while in India. She had felt well during the trip. She had returned to Maryland on November 24.On November 29, she developed fever and chills. Her private physician examined her that day and prescribed oral ampicillin to treat a sore throat. When her fever persisted, she was admitted to the local hospital on December 4. Evaluation included blood cultures and multiple Giemsa-stained thick smears for malaria. On December 5, a physician diagnosed malaria after identifying a Plasmodium falciparum parasite

REFERENCES

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Information from World Health Organization Malaria Control Program. Available at: http:// www.who.ch/whosis/malinfo/4-poscum.htm.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Human plagu—India, 1994 . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1994;;43:689-691.
3 +
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Detection of notifiable diseases through surveillance for imported plague—New York, September-October, 1994 . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1994;;43:805-807.
4 +
Ryan CA, Nickels MK, Hargrett-Bean NT, et al.  Massive outbreak of antimicrobial-resistant salmonellosis traced to pasteurized milk . JAMA . 1987;;258:3269-3274.
5 +
Mishu B, Koehler J, Lee LA, et al.  Outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis infections in the United States, 1985-1991 . J Infect Dis . 1994;;169:547-552.
6 +
Ryan CA, Hargrett-Bean NT, Blake PA.  Salmonella typhi infections in the United States, 1975-1984: increasing role of foreign travel . Rev Infect Dis . 1989;;11:1-8.
7 +
Mathieu JJ, Henning KJ, Bell E, Frieden TR.  Typhoid fever in New York City, 1980 through 1990 . Arch Intern Med . 1994;;154:1713-1718.
8 +
Lin F-YC, Becke JM, Groves C, et al.  Restaurant-associated outbreak of typhoid fever in Maryland: identification of carrier facilitated by measurement of serum Vi antibodies . J Clin Microbiol . 1988;;26:1194-1197.
9 +
Birkhead GS, Morse DL, Levine WC, et al.  Typhoid fever at a resort hotel in New York: a large outbreak with an unusual vehicle . J Infect Dis . 1993;;167:1228-1232.
10 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Typhoid fever—Skagit County, Washington . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1990;;39:749-751.
11 +
Cote TR, Convery H, Robinson D, et al.  Typhoid fever in the park: epidemiology of an outbreak at a cultural interface . J Community Health . 1995;;20:451-458.
12 +
Miller SI, Hohmann EL, Pegues DA.  Salmonella (including Salmonella typhi) . In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases . 4th ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1995;:2013-2033.
13 +
Osler W.  Analysis and general summary of the cases [of typhoid fever] from 1889-1899 . Johns Hopkins Hosp Rep . 1900;;8:421-422.
14 +
Butler T, Islam A, Kabir I, Jones PK.  Patterns of morbidity and mortality in typhoid fever dependent on age and gender: review of 552 hospitalized patients with diarrhea . Rev Infect Dis . 1991;;13:85-90.
15 +
Klotz SA, Jorgensen JH, Buckwold FJ, Craven PC.  Typhoid fever: an epidemic with remarkably few clinical signs and symptoms . Arch Intern Med . 1984;;144:533-537.
16 +
Jagadish K, Patwari AK, Sarin SK, Prakash C, Srivastava DK, Anand VK.  Hepatic manifestations in typhoid fever . Indian Pediatr . 1994;;31:807-811.
17 +
Stuart BM, Pullen RL.  Typhoid: clinical analysis of three hundred and sixty cases . Arch Intern Med . 1946;;78:629-661.
18 +
Figueroa Damian R, Segura Cervantes E, Garcia Arce T, de la Cruz Bolaanos R.  Fiebre tifoidea durante la gestacion: curso clinico, tratamiento y repercusion perinatal . Ginecol Obstet Mex . 1994;;62:362-367.
19 +
Rao PS, Rajashekar V, Varghese GK, Shivananda PG.  Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi in rural southern India . Am J Trop Med Hyg . 1993;;48:108-111.
20 +
Alam MN, Haq SA, Das KK, et al.  Efficacy of ciprofloxacin in enteric fever: comparison of treatment duration in sensitive and multidrug-resistant Salmonella . Am J Trop Med Hyg . 1995;;53:306-311.
21 +
Nolan CM, White PC Jr.  Treatment of typhoid carriers with amoxicillin: correlates of successful therapy . JAMA . 1978;;239:2352-2354.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health information for international travel. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/travel/travel.html.
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Cushing H. The Life of Sir William Osler . London, England: Oxford University Press; 1940;:379.
24 +
Levine MM.  Typhoid fever vaccines . In: Plotkin SA, Mortimer EA Jr, eds. Vaccines . 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1994;:597-633.
25 +
Germanier R, Fhrer E.  Isolation and characterization of gal E mutant Ty21a of Salmonella typhi: a candidate strain for a live oral typhoid vaccine . J Infect Dis . 1975;;141:553-558.
26 +
Wahdan MH, Sérié C, Cerisier Y, Sallam S, Germanier R.  A controlled field trial of live Salmonella typhi strain Ty 21a oral vaccine against typhoid: three-year results . J Infect Dis . 1982;;145:292-295.
27 +
Levine MM, Ferreccio C, Black RE, Germanier R, Chilean Typhoid Committee.  Large-scale field trial of Ty21A live oral typhoid vaccine in entericcoated capsule formulation . Lancet . 1987;;329:1049-1052.
28 +
Simanjuntak CH, Paleologo FP, Punjabi NH, et al.  Oral immunisation against typhoid fever in Indonesia with Ty21a vaccine . Lancet . 1991;;338:1055-1059.
29 +
Plotkin SA, Bouveret-Le Cam N.  A new typhoid vaccine composed of the Vi capsular polysaccharide . Arch Intern Med . 1995;;155:2293-2299.
30 +
Felix A, Pitt RM.  A new antigen of B. typhosus: its relation to virulence and to active and passive immunisation . Lancet . 1934;;2:186-191.
31 +
Acharya IL, Lowe CU, Thapa R, et al.  Prevention of typhoid fever in Nepal with the Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi: a preliminary report . N Engl J Med . 1987;;317:1101-1104.
32 +
Klugman KP, Gilbertson IT, Koornhof HJ, et al.  Protective activity of Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine against typhoid fever . Lancet . 1987;;330:1165-1169.
33 +
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Typhoid immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1994;;43 ( (RR-14) ):1-7.
34 +
Childs C. Letter to William Osler (undated). Baltimore, Md: Alan M. Chesney Medical Archives, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Information from World Health Organization Malaria Control Program. Available at: http:// www.who.ch/whosis/malinfo/4-poscum.htm.
2 +
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Human plagu—India, 1994 . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1994;;43:689-691.
3 +
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Detection of notifiable diseases through surveillance for imported plague—New York, September-October, 1994 . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1994;;43:805-807.
4 +
Ryan CA, Nickels MK, Hargrett-Bean NT, et al.  Massive outbreak of antimicrobial-resistant salmonellosis traced to pasteurized milk . JAMA . 1987;;258:3269-3274.
5 +
Mishu B, Koehler J, Lee LA, et al.  Outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis infections in the United States, 1985-1991 . J Infect Dis . 1994;;169:547-552.
6 +
Ryan CA, Hargrett-Bean NT, Blake PA.  Salmonella typhi infections in the United States, 1975-1984: increasing role of foreign travel . Rev Infect Dis . 1989;;11:1-8.
7 +
Mathieu JJ, Henning KJ, Bell E, Frieden TR.  Typhoid fever in New York City, 1980 through 1990 . Arch Intern Med . 1994;;154:1713-1718.
8 +
Lin F-YC, Becke JM, Groves C, et al.  Restaurant-associated outbreak of typhoid fever in Maryland: identification of carrier facilitated by measurement of serum Vi antibodies . J Clin Microbiol . 1988;;26:1194-1197.
9 +
Birkhead GS, Morse DL, Levine WC, et al.  Typhoid fever at a resort hotel in New York: a large outbreak with an unusual vehicle . J Infect Dis . 1993;;167:1228-1232.
10 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Typhoid fever—Skagit County, Washington . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1990;;39:749-751.
11 +
Cote TR, Convery H, Robinson D, et al.  Typhoid fever in the park: epidemiology of an outbreak at a cultural interface . J Community Health . 1995;;20:451-458.
12 +
Miller SI, Hohmann EL, Pegues DA.  Salmonella (including Salmonella typhi) . In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases . 4th ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1995;:2013-2033.
13 +
Osler W.  Analysis and general summary of the cases [of typhoid fever] from 1889-1899 . Johns Hopkins Hosp Rep . 1900;;8:421-422.
14 +
Butler T, Islam A, Kabir I, Jones PK.  Patterns of morbidity and mortality in typhoid fever dependent on age and gender: review of 552 hospitalized patients with diarrhea . Rev Infect Dis . 1991;;13:85-90.
15 +
Klotz SA, Jorgensen JH, Buckwold FJ, Craven PC.  Typhoid fever: an epidemic with remarkably few clinical signs and symptoms . Arch Intern Med . 1984;;144:533-537.
16 +
Jagadish K, Patwari AK, Sarin SK, Prakash C, Srivastava DK, Anand VK.  Hepatic manifestations in typhoid fever . Indian Pediatr . 1994;;31:807-811.
17 +
Stuart BM, Pullen RL.  Typhoid: clinical analysis of three hundred and sixty cases . Arch Intern Med . 1946;;78:629-661.
18 +
Figueroa Damian R, Segura Cervantes E, Garcia Arce T, de la Cruz Bolaanos R.  Fiebre tifoidea durante la gestacion: curso clinico, tratamiento y repercusion perinatal . Ginecol Obstet Mex . 1994;;62:362-367.
19 +
Rao PS, Rajashekar V, Varghese GK, Shivananda PG.  Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi in rural southern India . Am J Trop Med Hyg . 1993;;48:108-111.
20 +
Alam MN, Haq SA, Das KK, et al.  Efficacy of ciprofloxacin in enteric fever: comparison of treatment duration in sensitive and multidrug-resistant Salmonella . Am J Trop Med Hyg . 1995;;53:306-311.
21 +
Nolan CM, White PC Jr.  Treatment of typhoid carriers with amoxicillin: correlates of successful therapy . JAMA . 1978;;239:2352-2354.
22 +
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health information for international travel. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/travel/travel.html.
23 +
Cushing H. The Life of Sir William Osler . London, England: Oxford University Press; 1940;:379.
24 +
Levine MM.  Typhoid fever vaccines . In: Plotkin SA, Mortimer EA Jr, eds. Vaccines . 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1994;:597-633.
25 +
Germanier R, Fhrer E.  Isolation and characterization of gal E mutant Ty21a of Salmonella typhi: a candidate strain for a live oral typhoid vaccine . J Infect Dis . 1975;;141:553-558.
26 +
Wahdan MH, Sérié C, Cerisier Y, Sallam S, Germanier R.  A controlled field trial of live Salmonella typhi strain Ty 21a oral vaccine against typhoid: three-year results . J Infect Dis . 1982;;145:292-295.
27 +
Levine MM, Ferreccio C, Black RE, Germanier R, Chilean Typhoid Committee.  Large-scale field trial of Ty21A live oral typhoid vaccine in entericcoated capsule formulation . Lancet . 1987;;329:1049-1052.
28 +
Simanjuntak CH, Paleologo FP, Punjabi NH, et al.  Oral immunisation against typhoid fever in Indonesia with Ty21a vaccine . Lancet . 1991;;338:1055-1059.
29 +
Plotkin SA, Bouveret-Le Cam N.  A new typhoid vaccine composed of the Vi capsular polysaccharide . Arch Intern Med . 1995;;155:2293-2299.
30 +
Felix A, Pitt RM.  A new antigen of B. typhosus: its relation to virulence and to active and passive immunisation . Lancet . 1934;;2:186-191.
31 +
Acharya IL, Lowe CU, Thapa R, et al.  Prevention of typhoid fever in Nepal with the Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi: a preliminary report . N Engl J Med . 1987;;317:1101-1104.
32 +
Klugman KP, Gilbertson IT, Koornhof HJ, et al.  Protective activity of Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine against typhoid fever . Lancet . 1987;;330:1165-1169.
33 +
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Typhoid immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1994;;43 ( (RR-14) ):1-7.
34 +
Childs C. Letter to William Osler (undated). Baltimore, Md: Alan M. Chesney Medical Archives, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions.

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