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March 5, 1997, Vol 277, No. 9 >
ARTICLE | March 5, 1997

Tobacco Litigation: Title and subTitle BreakIssues for Public Health and Public Policy FREE

Stanton A. Glantz, PhD; Brion J. Fox, JD; James M. Lightwood, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprints: Stanton A. Glantz, PhD, Box 0124, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143.


JAMA. 1997;277(9):751-753. doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540330073038
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Article
References

JAMA made international news in July 1995 when it published a series of 5 articles presenting the first academic analysis of about 10 000 pages of previously secret tobacco industry documents, known as the Brown and Williamson documents.1-5 These documents demonstrated that, as long ago as the 1960s, the tobacco industry knew nicotine was an addictive drug and smoking caused cancer and other disease, and that it developed a sophisticated legal and public relations strategy to keep this information away from the public, public health authorities, and the courts. An accompanying Editorial6 identified 14 steps to pursue regarding its opposition to tobacco use, including "All avenues of individual and collective redress... through the judicial system." Fueled in part by publication of the Brown and Williamson documents, there has been an explosion of litigation against the tobacco industry since then.

Today the tobacco industry faces a wide variety of

REFERENCES

1 +
Glantz SA, Barnes DE, Bero L, Hanauer P, Slade J.  Looking through a keyhole at the tobacco industry: the Brown and Williamson documents . JAMA . 1995;;274:219-224.
2 +
Slade J, Bero LA, Hanauer P, Barnes DE, Glantz SA.  Nicotine and addiction: the Brown and Williamson documents . JAMA . 1995;;274:225-233.
3 +
Hanauer P, Slade J, Barnes DE, Bero L, Glantz SA.  Lawyer control of internal scientific research to avoid products liability lawsuits: the Brown and Williamson documents . JAMA . 1995;;274:234-240.
4 +
Bero L, Barnes DE, Hanauer P, Slade J, Glantz SA.  Lawyer control of the tobacco industry's external research programs: the Brown and Williamson documents . JAMA . 1995;;274:241-247.
5 +
Barnes DE, Hanauer P, Slade J, Bero LA, Glantz SA.  Environmental tobacco smoke: the Brown and Williamson documents . JAMA . 1995;;274:248-253.
6 +
Todd JS, Rennie D, McAfee RE, et al.  The Brown and Williamson documents: where do we go from here? JAMA . 1995;;274:256-259.
7 +
Weiser B. Tobacco's trials. Washington Post Magazine . (December 8) ,1996;:14-19, 28-35.
8 +
Glantz SA, Barnes DE, Bero L, Hanauer P, Slade J. The Cigarette Papers . Berkeley: University of California Press; 1996;:219-224, 441-442.
9 +
Green S. Cigarette smoking and causal relationships, report dated October 27, 1976. Available at http://galen.library.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/html/2231.08.
10 +
Freedman A, Hwang S, Lipin S, Geyelin M.  Breaking away: Liggett group offers first-ever settlement of cigarette lawsuits . Wall Street Journal . (March 13) ,1996;:A1.
11 +
Hwang S.  In clubby tobacco industry Liggett is pariah . Wall Street Journal . (April 18) , 1996;:B14.
12 +
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Medical-care expenditures attributable to cigarette smoking—United States, 1993 . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1994;;43:469-472.
13 +
Health Care Financing Administration.  Medicare and Medicaid Statistical Supplement, 1995 . Health Care Financ Rev . 1995;;16:Tables 102 and 104.
14 +
Maxwell J.  Marlboro stays on top . Tobacco Reporter . (April) 1995;:14-17.
15 +
Phelps D.  Minnesota rejects tobacco firm's offer: Humphrey calls settlement promising, but inadequate . Minneapolis Star Tribune . (March 14) , 1996;:A1.
16 +
Kluger R.  A peace plan for the cigarette wars . New York Times Magazine . (April 7) , 1996;:28-35.
17 +
Freedman A, Hwang S, Lipin S, Geyelin M.  Legislation plan on tobacco advances: cigarette firm would get immunity for 15 years from liability lawsuits . Wall Street Journal . (August 26) , 1996;:A2.
18 +
Weinstein H.  Tobacco critic Waxman sees no chance for accord in '96 . Los Angeles Times . (September 10) , 1996;:D1.
19 +
Food and Drug Administration.  Regulations restricting the sale and distribution of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco to protect children and adolescents . Federal Register . (August 28) ,1996;;60:44615-44618.
20 +
France M.  Big tobacco may be ready to deal . Business Week (October 7) ,1996;:150,152.
21 +
Ingersol B, Frisby M.  Smoke signals: omens of tobacco truce are in the air . Wall Street Journal . (December 19) , 1996;:A16.
22 +
France M, Bongiorno L.  Is big tobacco ready to deal? Business Week . (December 23) . 1996;.
23 +
Philip Morris Companies. Securities and Exchange Commission Form 10-Q. Washington, DC: Securities and Exchange Commission; November 14, 1996.
24 +
Wagner S. Cigarette Country: Tobacco in American History and Politics . New York, NY: Praeger; 1971;.
25 +
US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare. Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service . Washington, DC: US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare; 1964;.
26 +
Glantz S.  Achieving a smokefree society . Circulation . 1987;;76:746-752.
27 +
Califano JA.  Revealing the link between campaign financing and deaths caused by tobacco . JAMA . 1994;;272:1217-1218.
28 +
Moore S, Wolfe S, Lindes D, Douglas C.  Epidemiology of failed tobacco control legislation . JAMA . 1994;;272:1171-1175.
29 +
Harris J. US cigarette manufacturers' maximum ability to pay damages: overview and a rough calculation. Tobacco Control. In press.
30 +
Glantz S.  Preventing tobacco use: the youth access trap . Am J Public Health . 1996;;86:156-158.
31 +
Glantz S, Parmley W.  Passive and active smoking: a problem for adults . Circulation . 1996;;94:596-598.
32 +
Annas G.  Tobacco litigation as cancer prevention: dealing with the devil . N Engl J Med . 1997;;336:304-308.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Glantz SA, Barnes DE, Bero L, Hanauer P, Slade J.  Looking through a keyhole at the tobacco industry: the Brown and Williamson documents . JAMA . 1995;;274:219-224.
2 +
Slade J, Bero LA, Hanauer P, Barnes DE, Glantz SA.  Nicotine and addiction: the Brown and Williamson documents . JAMA . 1995;;274:225-233.
3 +
Hanauer P, Slade J, Barnes DE, Bero L, Glantz SA.  Lawyer control of internal scientific research to avoid products liability lawsuits: the Brown and Williamson documents . JAMA . 1995;;274:234-240.
4 +
Bero L, Barnes DE, Hanauer P, Slade J, Glantz SA.  Lawyer control of the tobacco industry's external research programs: the Brown and Williamson documents . JAMA . 1995;;274:241-247.
5 +
Barnes DE, Hanauer P, Slade J, Bero LA, Glantz SA.  Environmental tobacco smoke: the Brown and Williamson documents . JAMA . 1995;;274:248-253.
6 +
Todd JS, Rennie D, McAfee RE, et al.  The Brown and Williamson documents: where do we go from here? JAMA . 1995;;274:256-259.
7 +
Weiser B. Tobacco's trials. Washington Post Magazine . (December 8) ,1996;:14-19, 28-35.
8 +
Glantz SA, Barnes DE, Bero L, Hanauer P, Slade J. The Cigarette Papers . Berkeley: University of California Press; 1996;:219-224, 441-442.
9 +
Green S. Cigarette smoking and causal relationships, report dated October 27, 1976. Available at http://galen.library.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/html/2231.08.
10 +
Freedman A, Hwang S, Lipin S, Geyelin M.  Breaking away: Liggett group offers first-ever settlement of cigarette lawsuits . Wall Street Journal . (March 13) ,1996;:A1.
11 +
Hwang S.  In clubby tobacco industry Liggett is pariah . Wall Street Journal . (April 18) , 1996;:B14.
12 +
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Medical-care expenditures attributable to cigarette smoking—United States, 1993 . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1994;;43:469-472.
13 +
Health Care Financing Administration.  Medicare and Medicaid Statistical Supplement, 1995 . Health Care Financ Rev . 1995;;16:Tables 102 and 104.
14 +
Maxwell J.  Marlboro stays on top . Tobacco Reporter . (April) 1995;:14-17.
15 +
Phelps D.  Minnesota rejects tobacco firm's offer: Humphrey calls settlement promising, but inadequate . Minneapolis Star Tribune . (March 14) , 1996;:A1.
16 +
Kluger R.  A peace plan for the cigarette wars . New York Times Magazine . (April 7) , 1996;:28-35.
17 +
Freedman A, Hwang S, Lipin S, Geyelin M.  Legislation plan on tobacco advances: cigarette firm would get immunity for 15 years from liability lawsuits . Wall Street Journal . (August 26) , 1996;:A2.
18 +
Weinstein H.  Tobacco critic Waxman sees no chance for accord in '96 . Los Angeles Times . (September 10) , 1996;:D1.
19 +
Food and Drug Administration.  Regulations restricting the sale and distribution of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco to protect children and adolescents . Federal Register . (August 28) ,1996;;60:44615-44618.
20 +
France M.  Big tobacco may be ready to deal . Business Week (October 7) ,1996;:150,152.
21 +
Ingersol B, Frisby M.  Smoke signals: omens of tobacco truce are in the air . Wall Street Journal . (December 19) , 1996;:A16.
22 +
France M, Bongiorno L.  Is big tobacco ready to deal? Business Week . (December 23) . 1996;.
23 +
Philip Morris Companies. Securities and Exchange Commission Form 10-Q. Washington, DC: Securities and Exchange Commission; November 14, 1996.
24 +
Wagner S. Cigarette Country: Tobacco in American History and Politics . New York, NY: Praeger; 1971;.
25 +
US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare. Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service . Washington, DC: US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare; 1964;.
26 +
Glantz S.  Achieving a smokefree society . Circulation . 1987;;76:746-752.
27 +
Califano JA.  Revealing the link between campaign financing and deaths caused by tobacco . JAMA . 1994;;272:1217-1218.
28 +
Moore S, Wolfe S, Lindes D, Douglas C.  Epidemiology of failed tobacco control legislation . JAMA . 1994;;272:1171-1175.
29 +
Harris J. US cigarette manufacturers' maximum ability to pay damages: overview and a rough calculation. Tobacco Control. In press.
30 +
Glantz S.  Preventing tobacco use: the youth access trap . Am J Public Health . 1996;;86:156-158.
31 +
Glantz S, Parmley W.  Passive and active smoking: a problem for adults . Circulation . 1996;;94:596-598.
32 +
Annas G.  Tobacco litigation as cancer prevention: dealing with the devil . N Engl J Med . 1997;;336:304-308.

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