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January 15, 1997, Vol 277, No. 3 >
ARTICLE | January 15, 1997

Immunization of Adolescents: Title and subTitle BreakRecommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and the American Medical Association FREE

JAMA. 1997;277(3):202-207. doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540270026009
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References

Summary  This report concerning the immunization of adolescents (i.e., persons 11-21 years of age, as defined by the American Medical Association [AMA] and the American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP]) is a supplement to previous publications (i.e., MMWR 1994;43 [No. RR-1]1-38; the AAP 1994 Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases; Summary of Policy Recommendations for Periodic Health Examination, August 1996 from the American Academy of Family Physicians [AAFP]; and AMA Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services [GAPS]: Recommendations and Rationale). This report presents a new strategy to improve the delivery of vaccination services to adolescents and to integrate recommendations for vaccination with other preventive services provided to adolescents. This new strategy emphasizes vaccination of adolescents 11-12 years of age by establishing a routine visit to their health-care providers. Specifically, the purposes of this visit are to (a) vaccinate adolescents who have not been previously vaccinated

REFERENCES

1 +
CDC.  Update: childhood vaccine-preventable diseases—United States, 1994 . MMWR ;1994;;43:718-20.
2 +
American Academy of Pediatrics.  Recommendations for preventive pediatric health care: Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine . Pediatrics 1995;;96:373-4.
3 +
 American Academy of Pediatrics . Immunization in special clinical circumstances: adolescents and college populations and hepatitis B vaccines . In: Peter G, ed. 1994 Red book: report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 23rd ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 1994;:64-5, 224-37.
4 +
American Medical Association.  Rationale and recommendations: infectious diseases . In: Elster AB, Kuznets NJ, eds. AMA guidelines for adolescent preventive services (GAPS): recommendations and rationale . Chicago, IL: Williams & Wilkins; 1994;:165-71.
5 +
Green M, ed.  Adolescence: 11-21 years . In: Bright futures: guidelines for health supervision of infants, children, and adolescents . Arlington, VA: National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health, 1994;:195-257.
6 +
US Preventive Services Task Force. Childhood immunizations and adult immunizations—including chemoprophylaxis against influenza A . In: DiGuiseppi C, Atkins D, Woolf S, Kamerow D, eds. Guide to clinical preventive services. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1996;:767-814.
7 +
American Academy of Family Physicians. Summary of policy recommendations for periodic health examination. Kansas City, MO: American Academy of Family Physicians, August 1996. (AAFP order no. 962, reprint no. 510).
8 +
CDC. Hepatitis surveillance report no. 55. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, CDC, 1994:23-31.
9 +
CDC.  Hepatitis B virus: a comprehensive strategy for eliminating transmission in the United States through universal childhood vaccination: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) . MMWR 1991;;40(No. RR-13).
10 +
CDC.  Update: recommendations to prevent hepatitis B virus transmission—United States . MMWR 1995;;44:574-5.
11 +
CDC.  Hepatitis B vaccination of adolescents— California, Louisiana, and Oregon, 1992-1994 . MMWR 1994;;43:605-9.
12 +
Kollar LM, Rosenthal SL, Biro FM.  Hepatitis B vaccine series compliance in adolescents . Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994;;13:1006-8.
13 +
Unti L.  Adolescent school-based vaccination programs . Presented at the 30th National Immunization Conference , Washington, D.C., April 1996;.
14 +
Jilg W, Schmidt M, Deinhardt F.  Vaccination against hepatitis B: comparison of three different vaccination schedules . J Infect Dis 1989;;160:766-9.
15 +
Hadler SC, de Monzon MA, Lugo DR, Perez M.  Effect of timing of hepatitis B vaccine doses on response to vaccine in Yucpa Indians . Vaccine 1989;;7:106-10.
16 +
American Academy of Pediatrics.  Update on timing of hepatitis B vaccination for premature infants and for children with lapsed immunization . Pediatrics 1994;;94:403-4.
17 +
CDC. Measles surveillance report No. 11, 1977-1981 . Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, CDC, 1982;:1-39.
18 +
CDC.  Measles prevention: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) . MMWR 1989;;38(No. (S-9) ).
19 +
American Academy of Family Physicians. Recommended immunization schedule for children . Kansas City, MO: American Academy of Family Physicians, January 1990;.
20 +
 Measles: reassessment of the current immunization policy. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases . Pediatrics 1989;;84:1110-3.
21 +
CDC.  Recommended childhood immunization schedule—United States, July-December 1996 . MMWR 1996;;45:635-8.
22 +
Recommended childhood immunization schedule— United States, 1996 . Pediatrics 1996;;98:158-60.
23 +
American Academy of Family Physicians. Recommended immunization schedule, United States, July-December 1996. (AAFP order no. 974, reprint no. 520).
24 +
Crossley K, Irvine P, Warren JB, Lee BK, Mead K.  Tetanus and diphtheria immunity in urban Minnesota adults . JAMA 1979;;242:2298-300.
25 +
CDC.  Diphtheria epidemic—New Independent States of the former Soviet Union, 1990-1994 . MMWR 1995;;44:177-81.
26 +
Gergen PJ, McQuillan GM, Kiely M, Ezzati-Rice TM, Sutter RW, Virella G.  A population-based serologic survey of immunity to tetanus in the United States . N Engl J Med 1995;;332:761-6.
27 +
CDC.  Prevention of varicella: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) . MMWR 1996;;45(No. RR-11).
28 +
Recommendations for the use of live attenuated varicella vaccine.  American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases . Pediatrics 1995;;95:791-6.
29 +
CDC.  Licensure of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine and recommendations for use among international travelers . MMWR 1995;;44:559-60.
30 +
CDC.  General recommendations on immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) . MMWR 1994;;43(No. RR-1).
31 +
CDC.  Update on adult immunization: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) . MMWR 1991;;40(No. RR-12).
32 +
American College Health Association.  Position statement on immunization policy . J Am Coll Health 1983;;32:7-8.
33 +
American College of Physicians Task Force on Adult Immunization, Infectious Disease Society of America. Guide for adult immunization. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: American College of Physicians, 1994.
34 +
Fedson DS.  Adult immunization: summary of the National Vaccine Advisory Committee report . JAMA 1994;;272:1133-7
35 +
Available on request: Organizations that endorse the recommendations for immunization of adolescents, and exhibits 1 and 2.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
CDC.  Update: childhood vaccine-preventable diseases—United States, 1994 . MMWR ;1994;;43:718-20.
2 +
American Academy of Pediatrics.  Recommendations for preventive pediatric health care: Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine . Pediatrics 1995;;96:373-4.
3 +
 American Academy of Pediatrics . Immunization in special clinical circumstances: adolescents and college populations and hepatitis B vaccines . In: Peter G, ed. 1994 Red book: report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 23rd ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 1994;:64-5, 224-37.
4 +
American Medical Association.  Rationale and recommendations: infectious diseases . In: Elster AB, Kuznets NJ, eds. AMA guidelines for adolescent preventive services (GAPS): recommendations and rationale . Chicago, IL: Williams & Wilkins; 1994;:165-71.
5 +
Green M, ed.  Adolescence: 11-21 years . In: Bright futures: guidelines for health supervision of infants, children, and adolescents . Arlington, VA: National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health, 1994;:195-257.
6 +
US Preventive Services Task Force. Childhood immunizations and adult immunizations—including chemoprophylaxis against influenza A . In: DiGuiseppi C, Atkins D, Woolf S, Kamerow D, eds. Guide to clinical preventive services. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1996;:767-814.
7 +
American Academy of Family Physicians. Summary of policy recommendations for periodic health examination. Kansas City, MO: American Academy of Family Physicians, August 1996. (AAFP order no. 962, reprint no. 510).
8 +
CDC. Hepatitis surveillance report no. 55. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, CDC, 1994:23-31.
9 +
CDC.  Hepatitis B virus: a comprehensive strategy for eliminating transmission in the United States through universal childhood vaccination: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) . MMWR 1991;;40(No. RR-13).
10 +
CDC.  Update: recommendations to prevent hepatitis B virus transmission—United States . MMWR 1995;;44:574-5.
11 +
CDC.  Hepatitis B vaccination of adolescents— California, Louisiana, and Oregon, 1992-1994 . MMWR 1994;;43:605-9.
12 +
Kollar LM, Rosenthal SL, Biro FM.  Hepatitis B vaccine series compliance in adolescents . Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994;;13:1006-8.
13 +
Unti L.  Adolescent school-based vaccination programs . Presented at the 30th National Immunization Conference , Washington, D.C., April 1996;.
14 +
Jilg W, Schmidt M, Deinhardt F.  Vaccination against hepatitis B: comparison of three different vaccination schedules . J Infect Dis 1989;;160:766-9.
15 +
Hadler SC, de Monzon MA, Lugo DR, Perez M.  Effect of timing of hepatitis B vaccine doses on response to vaccine in Yucpa Indians . Vaccine 1989;;7:106-10.
16 +
American Academy of Pediatrics.  Update on timing of hepatitis B vaccination for premature infants and for children with lapsed immunization . Pediatrics 1994;;94:403-4.
17 +
CDC. Measles surveillance report No. 11, 1977-1981 . Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, CDC, 1982;:1-39.
18 +
CDC.  Measles prevention: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) . MMWR 1989;;38(No. (S-9) ).
19 +
American Academy of Family Physicians. Recommended immunization schedule for children . Kansas City, MO: American Academy of Family Physicians, January 1990;.
20 +
 Measles: reassessment of the current immunization policy. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases . Pediatrics 1989;;84:1110-3.
21 +
CDC.  Recommended childhood immunization schedule—United States, July-December 1996 . MMWR 1996;;45:635-8.
22 +
Recommended childhood immunization schedule— United States, 1996 . Pediatrics 1996;;98:158-60.
23 +
American Academy of Family Physicians. Recommended immunization schedule, United States, July-December 1996. (AAFP order no. 974, reprint no. 520).
24 +
Crossley K, Irvine P, Warren JB, Lee BK, Mead K.  Tetanus and diphtheria immunity in urban Minnesota adults . JAMA 1979;;242:2298-300.
25 +
CDC.  Diphtheria epidemic—New Independent States of the former Soviet Union, 1990-1994 . MMWR 1995;;44:177-81.
26 +
Gergen PJ, McQuillan GM, Kiely M, Ezzati-Rice TM, Sutter RW, Virella G.  A population-based serologic survey of immunity to tetanus in the United States . N Engl J Med 1995;;332:761-6.
27 +
CDC.  Prevention of varicella: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) . MMWR 1996;;45(No. RR-11).
28 +
Recommendations for the use of live attenuated varicella vaccine.  American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases . Pediatrics 1995;;95:791-6.
29 +
CDC.  Licensure of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine and recommendations for use among international travelers . MMWR 1995;;44:559-60.
30 +
CDC.  General recommendations on immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) . MMWR 1994;;43(No. RR-1).
31 +
CDC.  Update on adult immunization: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) . MMWR 1991;;40(No. RR-12).
32 +
American College Health Association.  Position statement on immunization policy . J Am Coll Health 1983;;32:7-8.
33 +
American College of Physicians Task Force on Adult Immunization, Infectious Disease Society of America. Guide for adult immunization. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: American College of Physicians, 1994.
34 +
Fedson DS.  Adult immunization: summary of the National Vaccine Advisory Committee report . JAMA 1994;;272:1133-7
35 +
Available on request: Organizations that endorse the recommendations for immunization of adolescents, and exhibits 1 and 2.

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