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September 4, 1996, Vol 276, No. 9 >
ARTICLE | September 4, 1996

Graduate Medical Education and Physician Supply in New York State FREE

Edward S. Salsberg, MPA; Paul Wing, DEngin; Mark G. Dionne, MS; David J. Jemiolo, MS
[+] Author Affiliations

The views expressed in this article are those of the authors. No official endorsement by the US Department of Health and Human Services, the New York State Department of Health, the SUNY School of Public Health, or any of their components is intended or should be implied.

Reprints: Edward S. Salsberg, MPA, Center for Health Workforce Studies, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, 1 University PI, Rensselaer, NY 12144.


JAMA. 1996;276(9):683-688. doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540090029007
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References

Objectives.  —To estimate the supply of physicians and residents in New York State and to assess the impact of state policies on the supply and distribution of physicians in the state.

Design.  —A comparison of the number of residents in New York State for 1988 and 1994 (from the American Medical Association Medical Education Database) and the number of active patient care physicians in New York by specialty and age (from the 1995 New York State Physician File).

Main Outcome Measures.  —Changes in the number of residents in New York State between 1988 and 1994 by specialty and medical school location; estimates of the numbers of physicians by age and specialty in New York for 1995; the migration of new physicians into and out of the state.

Results.  —The number of residents in New York State grew by nearly 21% between 1988 and 1994, despite a number of policies and programs encouraging maintenance of production levels. This growth is attributed to increases in the number of international medical graduates (IMGs) entering residency training through a widening "IMG window." Projection models show that, if production of new physicians continues at current levels, the supply of physicians will grow substantially during the next 2 decades.

Conclusions.  —Past policies to influence the supply, production, and distribution of physicians in New York State have not had their desired effects. Future policies and incentives must be carefully framed and coordinated to avoid similar failures.

REFERENCES

1 +
Pew Health Professions CommissionState Health Personnel Handbook . San Francisco: University of California, San Francisco, Center for the Health Professions; 1995;.
2 +
Cooper RA.  Seeking a balanced physician workforce for the 21st century . JAMA . 1994;;272:680-687.
3 +
Schroeder SA.  The latest forecast: managed care collides with physician supply . JAMA . 1994;;272:239-240.
4 +
Weiner JP.  Forecasting the effects of health reform on US physician workforce requirement: evidence from HMO staffing patterns . JAMA . 1994;;272:222-230.
5 +
Whitcomb M. The Impact of National Graduate Medical Education (GME) Reform Goals on the GME Activity of Individual States . Columbus: Ohio State University Medical School; 1994;.
6 +
Wennberg J, Goodman DC, Nease RF, Keller RB.  Finding equilibrium in U.S. physician supply . Health Aff (Millwood) . (Summer) 1993;;12:89-103.
7 +
The Supply and Distribution of Physicians in New York State, 1995 . Albany: New York State Dept of Health; 1996;.
8 +
Seifer SD, Vranizan K, Grumbach K.  Graduate medical education and physician practice location: implications for physician workforce policy . JAMA . 1995;;274:685-691.
9 +
 Appendix II, Table 3 . JAMA . 1995;;274:758. Medical Education theme issue.
10 +
 Appendix II, Table 1 . JAMA . 1995;;274:756. Medical Education theme issue.
11 +
 Appendix II, Table 1 . JAMA . 1989;;262:1030. Medical Education theme issue.
12 +
New Directions for a Healthier New York: Reform of the Health Care Financing System . Albany: New York State Dept of Health; 1995;.
13 +
Internal planning document . Albany: New York State Dept of Health; 1996;.
14 +
Gamliel S, Politzer RM, Rivo ML, Mullan F.  Managed care on the march: will physicians meet the challenge? Health Aff (Millwood) . 1995;;14:131-142.
15 +
Lohr KN, Vanselow NA, Detmer DE, eds. The Nation's Physician Workforce: Options for Balancing Supply and Requirements . Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1996;.
16 +
Pew Health Professions Commission. Critical Challenges: Revitalizing the Health Professions for the Twenty-first Century . San Francisco: University of California, San Francisco, Center for the Health Professions; 1995;.
17 +
Eisenberg JM.  If trickle-down physician workforce policy failed, is the choice now between the market and government regulation? Inquiry . (Fall) 1994;;31:241-249.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Pew Health Professions CommissionState Health Personnel Handbook . San Francisco: University of California, San Francisco, Center for the Health Professions; 1995;.
2 +
Cooper RA.  Seeking a balanced physician workforce for the 21st century . JAMA . 1994;;272:680-687.
3 +
Schroeder SA.  The latest forecast: managed care collides with physician supply . JAMA . 1994;;272:239-240.
4 +
Weiner JP.  Forecasting the effects of health reform on US physician workforce requirement: evidence from HMO staffing patterns . JAMA . 1994;;272:222-230.
5 +
Whitcomb M. The Impact of National Graduate Medical Education (GME) Reform Goals on the GME Activity of Individual States . Columbus: Ohio State University Medical School; 1994;.
6 +
Wennberg J, Goodman DC, Nease RF, Keller RB.  Finding equilibrium in U.S. physician supply . Health Aff (Millwood) . (Summer) 1993;;12:89-103.
7 +
The Supply and Distribution of Physicians in New York State, 1995 . Albany: New York State Dept of Health; 1996;.
8 +
Seifer SD, Vranizan K, Grumbach K.  Graduate medical education and physician practice location: implications for physician workforce policy . JAMA . 1995;;274:685-691.
9 +
 Appendix II, Table 3 . JAMA . 1995;;274:758. Medical Education theme issue.
10 +
 Appendix II, Table 1 . JAMA . 1995;;274:756. Medical Education theme issue.
11 +
 Appendix II, Table 1 . JAMA . 1989;;262:1030. Medical Education theme issue.
12 +
New Directions for a Healthier New York: Reform of the Health Care Financing System . Albany: New York State Dept of Health; 1995;.
13 +
Internal planning document . Albany: New York State Dept of Health; 1996;.
14 +
Gamliel S, Politzer RM, Rivo ML, Mullan F.  Managed care on the march: will physicians meet the challenge? Health Aff (Millwood) . 1995;;14:131-142.
15 +
Lohr KN, Vanselow NA, Detmer DE, eds. The Nation's Physician Workforce: Options for Balancing Supply and Requirements . Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1996;.
16 +
Pew Health Professions Commission. Critical Challenges: Revitalizing the Health Professions for the Twenty-first Century . San Francisco: University of California, San Francisco, Center for the Health Professions; 1995;.
17 +
Eisenberg JM.  If trickle-down physician workforce policy failed, is the choice now between the market and government regulation? Inquiry . (Fall) 1994;;31:241-249.

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