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August 28, 1996, Vol 276, No. 8 >
ARTICLE | August 28, 1996

Cow's Milk and Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Title and subTitle BreakInnocent Until Proven Guilty FREE

Desmond A Schatz, MD; Noel K. Maclaren, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprints: Noel K. Maclaren, MD, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Box 100296 JHMHC, Gainesville, FL 32610.


JAMA. 1996;276(8):647-648. doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540080069032
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References

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a lifelong affliction that affects large numbers of children and adults worldwide.1 At least 1 in 300 Americans will ultimately develop the disease. Despite advances in insulin purity and delivery, ease of home blood glucose monitoring, and the encouraging results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial,2 IDDM is still associated with an unacceptably high morbidity and mortality. Thus, IDDM is a huge financial burden to affected individuals and their families as well as to society. The total cost of diabetes in the United States currently exceeds $100 billion per year, with a disproportionately large share accounted for by the 10% to 15% of patients with IDDM.3 Therefore, research aimed at the prevention of IDDM is imperative. The identification and elimination of possible causative agents of the disease would have profound influence on the increasing worldwide incidence of IDDM. Some contend that

REFERENCES

1 +
Schatz DA, Maclaren NK.  The natural history of pre-type 1 diabetes . Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes . 1995;;2:31-37.
2 +
The Diabetes Control and Complications Research Group.  The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus . N Engl J Med . 1993;;329:977-986.
3 +
Rubin RJ, Altman WM, Mendelson DN.  Health care expenditures for people with diabetes mellitus, 1992 . J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 1994;;78:809A-809F.
4 +
Atkinson MA, Maclaren NK.  The pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus . N Engl J Med . 1994;;331:1428-1436.
5 +
Scott FW, Norris JM, Kolb H.  Milk and type I diabetes: examining the evidence and broadening the focus . Diabetes Care . 1996;;19:379-383.
6 +
Gerstein H.  Cow milk exposure and type I diabetes mellitus . Diabetes Care . 1994;;17:13-19.
7 +
Karjalainen J, Martin JM, Knip M, et al.  A bovine albumin peptide as a possible trigger of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus . N Engl J Med . 1992;;327:302-327.
8 +
Bodington M, McNally PG, Burden AC.  Cow's milk and type-1 childhood diabetes: no increase in risk . Diabet Med . 1994;;11:663-665.
9 +
Atkinson MA, Bowman MA, Kao K-J, et al.  Lack of immune responsiveness to bovine serum albumin in insulin-dependent diabetes . N Engl J Med . 1993;;329:1853-1858.
10 +
Drash AL, Kramer MS, Swanson J, Udall JN.  Work Group on Cow's Milk in Protein and Diabetes Mellitus: infant feeding practices and their possible relationship to the etiology of diabetes mellitus . Pediatrics . 1994;;94:752-754.
11 +
Kyvik KO, Green A.  Cow's milk: the dispute goes on . Diabetes Prev Ther . 1995;;9:3.
12 +
Norris JM, Beaty B, Klingensmith G, et al.  Lack of association between early exposure to cow's milk protein and β-cell autoimmunity: Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) . JAMA . 1996;;276:609-614.
13 +
Cantor AB, Krischer JP, Cuthbertson DD, et al.  Age and family relationship accentuate the risk of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in relatives of patients with IDDM . J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 1995;;80:3739-3743.
14 +
Muntoni S, Loddo S, Stabilini M, Stabilini L, Muntoni S.  Cow's milk consumption and IDDM incidence in Sardinia . Diabetes Care . 1994;;17:346-347.
15 +
Pietropaolo M, Castano L, Babu S, et al.  Islet cell autoantigen 69kD (ICA69), molecular cloning and characterization of a novel diabetes-associated autoantigen . J Clin Invest . 1993;;92:359-371.
16 +
Ivarrson S-A, Mansson MUL, Jakobsson IL.  IgG antibodies to bovine serum albumin are not increased in children with IDDM . Diabetes . 1995;;44:1349-1350.
17 +
Ronningen KS, Atrazhev A, Smith D, et al.  The 69kD islet cell autoantigen (ICA69) and bovine serum albumin are not antigenically cross-reactive . Diabetes . 1995;;44( (suppl 1) ):78A. Abstract.
18 +
Scott FW.  Food, diabetes and immunology . In: Forse RA, Bell SJ, Blackburn GL, Kabbash LG, eds. Diet, Nutrition, and Immunology . Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press Inc; 1994;:73-95.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Schatz DA, Maclaren NK.  The natural history of pre-type 1 diabetes . Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes . 1995;;2:31-37.
2 +
The Diabetes Control and Complications Research Group.  The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus . N Engl J Med . 1993;;329:977-986.
3 +
Rubin RJ, Altman WM, Mendelson DN.  Health care expenditures for people with diabetes mellitus, 1992 . J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 1994;;78:809A-809F.
4 +
Atkinson MA, Maclaren NK.  The pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus . N Engl J Med . 1994;;331:1428-1436.
5 +
Scott FW, Norris JM, Kolb H.  Milk and type I diabetes: examining the evidence and broadening the focus . Diabetes Care . 1996;;19:379-383.
6 +
Gerstein H.  Cow milk exposure and type I diabetes mellitus . Diabetes Care . 1994;;17:13-19.
7 +
Karjalainen J, Martin JM, Knip M, et al.  A bovine albumin peptide as a possible trigger of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus . N Engl J Med . 1992;;327:302-327.
8 +
Bodington M, McNally PG, Burden AC.  Cow's milk and type-1 childhood diabetes: no increase in risk . Diabet Med . 1994;;11:663-665.
9 +
Atkinson MA, Bowman MA, Kao K-J, et al.  Lack of immune responsiveness to bovine serum albumin in insulin-dependent diabetes . N Engl J Med . 1993;;329:1853-1858.
10 +
Drash AL, Kramer MS, Swanson J, Udall JN.  Work Group on Cow's Milk in Protein and Diabetes Mellitus: infant feeding practices and their possible relationship to the etiology of diabetes mellitus . Pediatrics . 1994;;94:752-754.
11 +
Kyvik KO, Green A.  Cow's milk: the dispute goes on . Diabetes Prev Ther . 1995;;9:3.
12 +
Norris JM, Beaty B, Klingensmith G, et al.  Lack of association between early exposure to cow's milk protein and β-cell autoimmunity: Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) . JAMA . 1996;;276:609-614.
13 +
Cantor AB, Krischer JP, Cuthbertson DD, et al.  Age and family relationship accentuate the risk of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in relatives of patients with IDDM . J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 1995;;80:3739-3743.
14 +
Muntoni S, Loddo S, Stabilini M, Stabilini L, Muntoni S.  Cow's milk consumption and IDDM incidence in Sardinia . Diabetes Care . 1994;;17:346-347.
15 +
Pietropaolo M, Castano L, Babu S, et al.  Islet cell autoantigen 69kD (ICA69), molecular cloning and characterization of a novel diabetes-associated autoantigen . J Clin Invest . 1993;;92:359-371.
16 +
Ivarrson S-A, Mansson MUL, Jakobsson IL.  IgG antibodies to bovine serum albumin are not increased in children with IDDM . Diabetes . 1995;;44:1349-1350.
17 +
Ronningen KS, Atrazhev A, Smith D, et al.  The 69kD islet cell autoantigen (ICA69) and bovine serum albumin are not antigenically cross-reactive . Diabetes . 1995;;44( (suppl 1) ):78A. Abstract.
18 +
Scott FW.  Food, diabetes and immunology . In: Forse RA, Bell SJ, Blackburn GL, Kabbash LG, eds. Diet, Nutrition, and Immunology . Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press Inc; 1994;:73-95.

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