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July 10, 1996, Vol 276, No. 2 >
ARTICLE | July 10, 1996

AIDS in 1996 Much Accomplished, Much to Do FREE

Anthony S. Fauci, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprints: Anthony S. Fauci, MD, NIAID/National Institutes of Health, Bldg 31, Room 7A03, MSC 2520, Bethesda, MD 20892-2520.


JAMA. 1996;276(2):155-156. doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540020077032
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References

On July 7 through 12,1996, the 11th International Conference on AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) will take place in Vancouver, British Columbia. Unlike the pessimism that prevailed during the 9th International Conference in Berlin in 1993 and, to a lesser extent, the 10th International Conference in Yokohama in 1994, the general feeling among planned participants is one of cautious optimism. One of the reasons for this swing toward optimism is the fact that a number of recent research advances have led to a greater understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and form the basis for therapeutic and vaccine strategies. A few of these deserve particular attention since they reflect a convergence of greater understanding of both viral and host factors and have practical, and even immediate, implications for the care of HIV-infected individuals.

It had been previously demonstrated that HIV actively replicates in lymphoid tissue1,2

REFERENCES

1 +
Pantaleo G, Graziosi C, Demarest JF, et al.  HIV infection is active and progressive in lymphoid tissue during the clinically latent stage of disease . Nature . 1993;;362:355-358.
2 +
Embretson J, Zupancic M, Ribas JL, et al.  Massive covert infection of helper T lymphocytes and macrophages by HIV during the incubation period of AIDS . Nature . 1993;;362:359-362.
3 +
Piatak M Jr, Saag MS, Yang LC, et al.  High levels of HIV-1 in plasma during all stages of infection determined by competitive PCR . Science . 1993;;259:1749-1754.
4 +
Wei X, Ghosh SK, Taylor ME, et al.  Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection . Nature . 1995;;373:117-122.
5 +
Ho DD, Neumann AU, Perelson AS, Chen W, Leonard JM, Markowitz M.  Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection . Nature . 1995;; 373:123-126.
6 +
Perelson AS, Neumann AU, Markowitz M, Leonard JM, Ho DD.  HIV-1 dynamics in vivo: virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time . Science . 1996;;271:1582-1586.
7 +
Mellors JW, Rinaldo CR Jr, Gupta P, White RM, Todd JA, Kingsley LA.  Prognosis in HIV-1 infection predicted by the quantity of virus in plasma . Science . 1996;;272:1167-1170.
8 +
Hammer S, Katzenstein D, Hughes M, Gundacker HM, Hirsch M, Merigan T. Nucleoside monotherapy (MT) vs. combination therapy (CT) in HIV infected adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in persons with CD4 cell counts 200-500/mm(3). In: Program and abstracts of the 35th International Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 17-20, 1995; San Francisco, Calif. Abstract LB-1.
9 +
Gazzard B. Further results from European/Australian Delta Trial. In: Program and abstracts from the 3rd National Conference on Retroviruses; January 28-February 1, 1996; Washington, DC. Abstract LB5a.
10 +
Cohen J.  Results on new AIDS drugs bring cautious optimism . Science . 1996;;271:755-756.
11 +
Fauci AS.  Multifactorial nature of human immunodeficiency virus disease: implications for therapy . Science . 1993;;262:1011-1018.
12 +
Poli G, Kinter AL, Vicenzi E, Fauci AS.  Cytokine regulation of acute and chronic HIV infection in vitro: from cell lines to primary mononuclear cells . Res Immunol . 1995;;145:578-582.
13 +
Cocchi F, DeVico AL, Garzino-Demo A, Arya SK, Gallo RC, Lusso P.  Identification of RANTES, MIP-lα, and MIP-1β as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells . Science . 1995;;270:1811-1815.
14 +
Feng Y, Broder CC, Kennedy PE, Berger EA.  HIV-1 entry cofactor: functional cDNA cloning of a seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor . Science . 1996;;272:872-877.
15 +
Kovacs JA, Baseler M, Dewar RJ, et al.  Increases in CD4 T lymphocytes with intermittent courses of interleukin-2 in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a preliminary study . N Engl J Med . 1995;;332:567-575.
16 +
Kimball AM, Berkley S, Ngugi E, Gayle H.  International aspects of the AIDS/ HIV epidemic . Annu Rev Public Health . 1995;;16:253-282.
17 +
Karon JM, Rosenberg PS, McQuillan G, Khare M, Gwinn M, Petersen LR.  Prevalence of HIV infection in the United States, 1984-1992 . JAMA . 1996;;276:126-131.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Pantaleo G, Graziosi C, Demarest JF, et al.  HIV infection is active and progressive in lymphoid tissue during the clinically latent stage of disease . Nature . 1993;;362:355-358.
2 +
Embretson J, Zupancic M, Ribas JL, et al.  Massive covert infection of helper T lymphocytes and macrophages by HIV during the incubation period of AIDS . Nature . 1993;;362:359-362.
3 +
Piatak M Jr, Saag MS, Yang LC, et al.  High levels of HIV-1 in plasma during all stages of infection determined by competitive PCR . Science . 1993;;259:1749-1754.
4 +
Wei X, Ghosh SK, Taylor ME, et al.  Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection . Nature . 1995;;373:117-122.
5 +
Ho DD, Neumann AU, Perelson AS, Chen W, Leonard JM, Markowitz M.  Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection . Nature . 1995;; 373:123-126.
6 +
Perelson AS, Neumann AU, Markowitz M, Leonard JM, Ho DD.  HIV-1 dynamics in vivo: virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time . Science . 1996;;271:1582-1586.
7 +
Mellors JW, Rinaldo CR Jr, Gupta P, White RM, Todd JA, Kingsley LA.  Prognosis in HIV-1 infection predicted by the quantity of virus in plasma . Science . 1996;;272:1167-1170.
8 +
Hammer S, Katzenstein D, Hughes M, Gundacker HM, Hirsch M, Merigan T. Nucleoside monotherapy (MT) vs. combination therapy (CT) in HIV infected adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in persons with CD4 cell counts 200-500/mm(3). In: Program and abstracts of the 35th International Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 17-20, 1995; San Francisco, Calif. Abstract LB-1.
9 +
Gazzard B. Further results from European/Australian Delta Trial. In: Program and abstracts from the 3rd National Conference on Retroviruses; January 28-February 1, 1996; Washington, DC. Abstract LB5a.
10 +
Cohen J.  Results on new AIDS drugs bring cautious optimism . Science . 1996;;271:755-756.
11 +
Fauci AS.  Multifactorial nature of human immunodeficiency virus disease: implications for therapy . Science . 1993;;262:1011-1018.
12 +
Poli G, Kinter AL, Vicenzi E, Fauci AS.  Cytokine regulation of acute and chronic HIV infection in vitro: from cell lines to primary mononuclear cells . Res Immunol . 1995;;145:578-582.
13 +
Cocchi F, DeVico AL, Garzino-Demo A, Arya SK, Gallo RC, Lusso P.  Identification of RANTES, MIP-lα, and MIP-1β as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells . Science . 1995;;270:1811-1815.
14 +
Feng Y, Broder CC, Kennedy PE, Berger EA.  HIV-1 entry cofactor: functional cDNA cloning of a seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor . Science . 1996;;272:872-877.
15 +
Kovacs JA, Baseler M, Dewar RJ, et al.  Increases in CD4 T lymphocytes with intermittent courses of interleukin-2 in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a preliminary study . N Engl J Med . 1995;;332:567-575.
16 +
Kimball AM, Berkley S, Ngugi E, Gayle H.  International aspects of the AIDS/ HIV epidemic . Annu Rev Public Health . 1995;;16:253-282.
17 +
Karon JM, Rosenberg PS, McQuillan G, Khare M, Gwinn M, Petersen LR.  Prevalence of HIV infection in the United States, 1984-1992 . JAMA . 1996;;276:126-131.

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