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January 17, 1996, Vol 275, No. 3 >
ARTICLE | January 17, 1996

The Emerging Genetic Diversity of HIV: Title and subTitle BreakThe Importance of Global Surveillance for Diagnostics, Research, and Prevention FREE

Dale J. Hu, MD; Timothy J. Dondero, MD; Mark A. Rayfield, PhD; J. Richard George, PhD; Gerald Schochetman, PhD; Harold W. Jaffe, MD; Chi-Cheng Luo, PhD; Marcia L. Kalish, PhD; Bruce G. Weniger, MD; Chou-Pong Pau, PhD; Charles A. Schable, MS; James W. Curran, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Dr George is now with Epitope, Inc, Beaverton, Ore. Epitope, Inc, manufactures the OraSure HIV-1 Oral Specimen Collection Device and the Epiblot HIV-1 Western blot (distributed by Organon Teknika). Epitope's financial affiliation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) consists of the CDC's purchase of Epitope products for use in its research or diagnostic laboratories. Dr Curran is now dean and professor of epidemiology at the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga.

Reprint requests to Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop E-50, Atlanta, GA 30333 (Dr Hu).


JAMA. 1996;275(3):210-216. doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530270050031
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References

The discovery of highly divergent strains of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) not reliably detected by a number of commonly used diagnostic tests has underscored the need for effective surveillance to track HIV variants and to direct research and prevention activities. Pathogens such as HIV that mutate extensively present significant challenges to effective monitoring of pathogens and to disease control. To date, relatively few systematic large-scale attempts have been made to characterize and sequence HIV isolates. For most of the world, including the United States, information on the distribution of HIV strains among different population groups is limited. We describe herein the implications resulting from the rapid evolution of HIV and the need for systematic surveillance integrated with laboratory science and applied research. General surveillance guidelines are provided to assist in identifying population groups for screening, in applying descriptive epidemiology and systematic sampling, and in developing and evaluating efficient laboratory testing algorithms. Timely reporting and dissemination of data is also an important element of surveillance efforts. Ultimately, the success of a global surveillance network depends on collaboration and on coordination of clinical, laboratory, and epidemiologic efforts.

(JAMA. 1996;275:210-216)

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

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