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ARTICLE |

Blunt Force Violence in America— Shades of Gray or Red: Title and subTitle BreakUltimate/Extreme Fighting FREE

George D. Lundberg, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Dr Lundberg is editor of JAMA.

Reprints: George D. Lundberg, MD, JAMA, 515 N State St, Chicago, IL 60610.


JAMA. 1996;275(21):1684-1685. doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530450074039
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The action of one human striking another with the fists must date to about the time humans began to walk on two feet. Aggressive behavior is certainly a normal human trait. Defending oneself using any method available is at the top of Maslov's hierarchy, namely, survival. The use of a violent act to entertain others vicariously is also thousands of years old. Gladiatorial events, Christians being fed to lions, gunfights in the old American West, and other such events have been legendary. From time to time, however, society looks at its behavior in terms of both the effects on individual participants and the moral and ethical aspects of the events affecting society as a whole. Thus, Christians are no longer fed to lions, and gladiatorial combat, sword duels to the death, cockfights, dogfights, and gunfights have been outlawed and, to some extent, do not occur.

Over many decades, boxing has

REFERENCES

Sammons JT. Beyond the Ring: The Role of Boxing in American Society . Champaign: University of Illinois Press; 1987;.
Lundberg GD.  Boxing should be banned in civilized countries. JAMA . 1983;;249: 250.
Lundberg GD.  Boxing should be banned in civilized countries—round 2. JAMA . 1984;;251:2696-2698.
Lundberg GD.  Boxing should be banned in civilized countries—round 3. JAMA . 1986;;255:2483-2485.
Hearn W.  Ultimate affront? Am Med News . (May 6) , 1996;;39:19-20, 25-26.
Lundberg GD.  Let's stop boxing in the Olympics and the United States military. JAMA . 1994;;271:1790.

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Sammons JT. Beyond the Ring: The Role of Boxing in American Society . Champaign: University of Illinois Press; 1987;.
Lundberg GD.  Boxing should be banned in civilized countries. JAMA . 1983;;249: 250.
Lundberg GD.  Boxing should be banned in civilized countries—round 2. JAMA . 1984;;251:2696-2698.
Lundberg GD.  Boxing should be banned in civilized countries—round 3. JAMA . 1986;;255:2483-2485.
Hearn W.  Ultimate affront? Am Med News . (May 6) , 1996;;39:19-20, 25-26.
Lundberg GD.  Let's stop boxing in the Olympics and the United States military. JAMA . 1994;;271:1790.
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