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May 1, 1996, Vol 275, No. 17 >
ARTICLE | May 1, 1996

Health Care Needs of Gay Men and Lesbians in the United States FREE

Ronald M. Davis, MD; Myron Genel, MD; John P. Howe, III; Mitchell S. Karlan, MD; William R. Kennedy, MD; Patricia Joy Numann, MD; Joseph A. Riggs, MD; W. Douglas Skelton, MD; Priscilla J. Slanetz, MD; Monique A. Spillman; Michael Williams, MD; Donald C. Young, MD; James R. Allen, MD, MPH; Robert C. Rinaldi, PhD; Mary C. Ayesse, DrPH, MSW; Joseph F. O'Neill, MD, MS, MPH
[+] Author Affiliations

This report is a condensed and edited version of the 1994 Interim House of Delegates Meeting Report 8 of the Council on Scientific Affairs. The recommendations were adopted, and the remainder of the report was filed.

The complete original 1994 version of this report can be obtained by writing to the Group on Science, Technology, and Public Health, American Medical Association, 515 N State St, Chicago, IL 60610 (James R. Allen, MD, MPH, Secretary, Council on Scientific Affairs).

This report is not intended to be construed or to serve as a standard of medical care. Standards of medical care are determined on the basis of all the facts and circumstances involved in an individual case and are subject to change as scientific knowledge and technology advance and patterns of practice evolve. This report reflects the scientific knowledge as of January 1996.

Reprints: James R. Allen, MD, MPH, Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association, 515 N State St, Chicago, IL 60610.


JAMA. 1996;275(17):1354-1359. doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530410068036
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References

IN 1981 the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association (AMA) adopted a report from the Council on Scientific Affairs entitled Health Care Needs of the Homosexual Population. A substantial number of studies involving gay men and lesbians have subsequently appeared in the medical literature that provide a better understanding of health issues related to sexual orientation and behavior. For this reason, the original recommendations were reviewed, including that of reversal of sexual orientation in selected cases.1

DEFINITION AND DEMOGRAPHICS  In this report, sexual orientation refers to an individual's self-perception as gay, lesbian, bisexual, or heterosexual. Sexual behavior may or may not correlate with sexual orientation. Furthermore, an individual's sexual behavior and orientation may vary over time.The scientific literature indicates that homosexual feelings are more frequent than homosexual behavior and that same-sex behavior is more frequent than lasting homosexual identification.2-11 According to researchers from RAND,10(p145)

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Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
American Medical Association.  Policy 160.991: Health Care Needs of the Homosexual Population.  In: AMA Policy Compendium . Chicago, Ill: American Medical Association; 1994;.
2 +
Seidman SN, Reider RO.  A review of sexual behavior in the United States. Am J Psychiatry . 1994;;151:330-341.
3 +
Stevens PE.  Lesbians and HIV: clinical, research, and policy issues. Am J Orthopsychiatry . 1993;;63: 289-294.
4 +
White J, Levinson W.  Primary care of lesbian patients. J Gen Intern Med . 1993;;8:41-47.
5 +
Stevens PE, Hall JM.  A critical historical analysis of the medical construction of lesbianism. Int J Health Serv . 1991;;21:291-307.
6 +
Falco KL. Psychotherapy With Lesbian Clients: Theory Into Practice . New York, NY: Brunner/ Malez; 1991;.
7 +
Billy JOG, Tanfer K, Grady WR, Klepinger DH.  The sexual behavior of men in the United States. Fam Plann Perspect . 1993;;25:52-60.
8 +
Stokes JP, McKirnan DJ, Burzette RG.  Sexual behavior, condom use, disclosure of sexuality, and stability of sexual orientation in bisexual men. J Sex Res . 1993;;30:203-213.
9 +
Doll LS, Petersen LR, White CR, Johnson ES, Ward JW.  Homosexually and nonhomosexually identified men who have sex with men: a behavioral comparison. J Sex Res . 1992;;29:1-14.
10 +
Lever J, Kanouse DE, Rogers WH, Carson S, Hertz R.  Behavior patterns and sexual identity of bisexual males. J Sex Res . 1992;;29:141-167.
11 +
Fay RE, Turner CF, Klassen AD, Gagnon JH.  Prevalence and patterns of same-gender sexual contact among men. Science . 1989;;243:338-348.
12 +
Tanfer K.  National survey of men: design and execution. Fam Plann Perspect . 1993;;25:83-86.
13 +
Robertson MM.  Lesbians as an invisible minority in the health services arena. Health Care Women Int . 1992;;13:155-163.
14 +
Kinsey AC, Pomeroy WB, Martin CE. Sexual Behavior in the Human Male . Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1949;.
15 +
Binson D, Michaels S, Stall R, Coates TJ, Gagnon JH, Catania JA.  Prevalence and social distribution of men who have sex with men: United States and its urban centers. J Sex Res . 1995;;32:245-254.
16 +
Johnson AM, Wadsworth J, Wellings K, Field J, Bradshaw S. Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles . London, England: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1994;.
17 +
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