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August 23, 1995, Vol 274, No. 8 >
ARTICLE | August 23, 1995

Universal Screening for Tuberculosis Infection School's Out! FREE

Jeffrey R. Starke, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to the Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 (Dr Starke).


JAMA. 1995;274(8):652-653. doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03530080068043
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References

From 1984 to the present, the United States has experienced a well-publicized resurgence of tuberculosis. While the total number of tuberculosis cases in the United States increased almost 20% from 1985 to 1992, the 1707 cases in children younger than 15 years old in 1992 represented a 35% increase from case numbers in 1985.1 From 1986 to 1993, the tuberculosis rate in foreign-born children was 27.7 cases per 100 000 person-years, which was 13.2 times greater than the rate among children born in the United States.2 Pediatric tuberculosis is geographically focal. In 1989, only 11% of US counties reported a case of childhood tuberculosis, and six states-California, Texas, New York, Illinois, Florida, and New Jersey—reported over 70% of recent cases.

See also page 613.

Unfortunately, very little information is available concerning tuberculosis infection rates. The number of children in the United States infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is unknown

REFERENCES

1 +
Cantwell MF, Snider DE Jr, Cauthen GM, Onorato IM.  Epidemiology of tuberculosis in the United States, 1985 through 1992. JAMA . 1994;;272:535-539.
2 +
McKenna MT, McCray E, Onorato M.  The epidemiology of tuberculosis among foreign-born persons in the United States, 1986 to 1993. N Engl J Med . 1995;;332: 1071-1076.
3 +
Edwards PQ.  Tuberculin testing of children. Pediatrics . 1974;;54:628-630.
4 +
Kochi A.  The global tuberculosis situation and the new control strategy of the World Health Organization. Tuber Lung Dis . 1991;;72:1-4.
5 +
Perez-Stable EJ, Levin R, Pineda A, Slutkin G.  Tuberculin skin test reactivity and conversions in United States and foreign-born Latino children. Pediatr Infect Dis J . 1985;;4:476-479.
6 +
Nolan CM, Elarth AM.  Tuberculosis in a cohort of southeast Asian refugees: a five-year surveillance study. Am Rev Respir Dis . 1988;;137:805-809.
7 +
Barry MA, Shirley L, Grady MT, et al.  Tuberculosis infection in urban adolescents: results of a school-based testing program. Am J Public Health . 1990;;80:439-441.
8 +
Davidson PT, Ashkar B, Salem N.  Tuberculosis testing of children entering school in Los Angeles County, California. Am Rev Respir Dis . 1990;;141( (suppl) ):A336. Abstract.
9 +
Starke JR, Taylor KT, Martindill CA, Pyle ND, Herrin CM.  Extremely high rates of tuberculin reactivity among young school children in Houston. Am Rev Respir Dis . 1988;;137( (suppl) ):22.
10 +
Hsu KHK.  Contact investigation: a practical approach to tuberculosis eradication. Am J Public Health . 1963;;53:1761-1769.
11 +
American Thoracic Society.  Control of tuberculosis in the United States. Am Rev Respir Dis . 1992;;146:1623-1633.
12 +
Brailey ME. Tuberculosis in White and Negro Children, II: The Epidemiologic Aspects of the Harriet Lane Study . Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; 1958;.
13 +
Nolan RJ Jr.  Childhood tuberculosis is North Carolina: a study of the opportunities for intervention in the transmission of tuberculosis to children. Am J Public Health . 1986;;76:26-30.
14 +
Doerr CA, Starke JR, Ong LT.  Clinical and public health aspects of tuberculous meningitis in children. J Pediatr . 1995;;127:27-33.
15 +
Mehta JB, Bentley S.  Prevention of tuberculosis in children: missed opportunities. Am J Prev Med . 1992;;8:283-286.
16 +
Mohle-Boetani JC, Miller B, Halpern M, et al.  School-based screening for tuberculous infection: a cost-benefit analysis. JAMA . 1995;;273:613-619.
17 +
Bass JB Jr.  The tuberculin test.  In: Reichman LB, Hershfeld ES, eds. Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive International Approach . New York, NY: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1993;:139-148.
18 +
American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Infectious Diseases.  Screening for tuberculosis in infants and children. Pediatrics . 1994;;93:131-134.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Cantwell MF, Snider DE Jr, Cauthen GM, Onorato IM.  Epidemiology of tuberculosis in the United States, 1985 through 1992. JAMA . 1994;;272:535-539.
2 +
McKenna MT, McCray E, Onorato M.  The epidemiology of tuberculosis among foreign-born persons in the United States, 1986 to 1993. N Engl J Med . 1995;;332: 1071-1076.
3 +
Edwards PQ.  Tuberculin testing of children. Pediatrics . 1974;;54:628-630.
4 +
Kochi A.  The global tuberculosis situation and the new control strategy of the World Health Organization. Tuber Lung Dis . 1991;;72:1-4.
5 +
Perez-Stable EJ, Levin R, Pineda A, Slutkin G.  Tuberculin skin test reactivity and conversions in United States and foreign-born Latino children. Pediatr Infect Dis J . 1985;;4:476-479.
6 +
Nolan CM, Elarth AM.  Tuberculosis in a cohort of southeast Asian refugees: a five-year surveillance study. Am Rev Respir Dis . 1988;;137:805-809.
7 +
Barry MA, Shirley L, Grady MT, et al.  Tuberculosis infection in urban adolescents: results of a school-based testing program. Am J Public Health . 1990;;80:439-441.
8 +
Davidson PT, Ashkar B, Salem N.  Tuberculosis testing of children entering school in Los Angeles County, California. Am Rev Respir Dis . 1990;;141( (suppl) ):A336. Abstract.
9 +
Starke JR, Taylor KT, Martindill CA, Pyle ND, Herrin CM.  Extremely high rates of tuberculin reactivity among young school children in Houston. Am Rev Respir Dis . 1988;;137( (suppl) ):22.
10 +
Hsu KHK.  Contact investigation: a practical approach to tuberculosis eradication. Am J Public Health . 1963;;53:1761-1769.
11 +
American Thoracic Society.  Control of tuberculosis in the United States. Am Rev Respir Dis . 1992;;146:1623-1633.
12 +
Brailey ME. Tuberculosis in White and Negro Children, II: The Epidemiologic Aspects of the Harriet Lane Study . Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; 1958;.
13 +
Nolan RJ Jr.  Childhood tuberculosis is North Carolina: a study of the opportunities for intervention in the transmission of tuberculosis to children. Am J Public Health . 1986;;76:26-30.
14 +
Doerr CA, Starke JR, Ong LT.  Clinical and public health aspects of tuberculous meningitis in children. J Pediatr . 1995;;127:27-33.
15 +
Mehta JB, Bentley S.  Prevention of tuberculosis in children: missed opportunities. Am J Prev Med . 1992;;8:283-286.
16 +
Mohle-Boetani JC, Miller B, Halpern M, et al.  School-based screening for tuberculous infection: a cost-benefit analysis. JAMA . 1995;;273:613-619.
17 +
Bass JB Jr.  The tuberculin test.  In: Reichman LB, Hershfeld ES, eds. Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive International Approach . New York, NY: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1993;:139-148.
18 +
American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Infectious Diseases.  Screening for tuberculosis in infants and children. Pediatrics . 1994;;93:131-134.

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