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March 1, 1995, Vol 273, No. 9 >
ARTICLE | March 1, 1995

The Continuing Challenge of Preterm Delivery FREE

Melissa M. Adams, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Division of Reproductive Health, MS K-23, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, 4700 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724.


JAMA. 1995;273(9):739-740. doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520330069041
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References

Each year in the United States, approximately 31000 fetuses die before delivery and 22 000 newborns die during the first 27 days of life. Approximately 71% of fetal deaths and 74% of neonatal deaths occur among preterm infants (<37 weeks' gestation). The rate of severe morbidity is several times higher for preterm survivors than infants born at term.1 Because of the increased risks for death and morbidity associated with preterm delivery, its prevention is an important public health goal. Yet the rate of preterm delivery in the United States did not decrease during the 1980s.

See also p 709.

Wilcox and colleagues2 conclude that an excess rate of preterm delivery in the United States, compared with Norway, accounts for excess perinatal mortality. This conclusion is supported by previous comparisons of the two countries in which a higher percentage of very low-birth-weight infants (<1500 g), nearly all of whom

REFERENCES

1 +
Robertson PA, Sniderman SH, Laros RK, et al.  Neonatal morbidity according to gestational age and birth weight from five tertiary care centers in the United States, 1983 through 1986. Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1992;;166:1629-1645.
2 +
Wilcox A, Skjærven R, Buekens P, Kiely J.  Birth weight and perinatal mortality: a comparison of the United States and Norway. JAMA . 1995;;273:709-711.
3 +
Proceedings of the International Collaborative Effort on Perinatal and Infant Mortality, Volume III . Hyattsville, Md: US Dept of Health and Human Services, US Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics; 1992;.
4 +
Ventura SJ, Martin JA, Taffel SM, Mathews TJ, Clarke SC.  Advance report of final natality statistics, 1992. Monthly Vital Stat Rep . 1994;;43(suppl to No. (5) ):57.
5 +
Adams MM, Berg CJ, Rhodes PH, McCarthy BJ.  Another look at the black-white gap in gestation-specific perinatal mortality. Int J Epidemiol . 1991;;20:950-957.
6 +
David RJ, Collins JW.  Bad outcomes in black babies: race or racism? Ethn Dis . 1991;;1:236-244.
7 +
Blackmore CA, Ferrre CD, Rowley DL, Hogue CJR, Gaiter J, Atrash H.  Is race a risk factor or a risk marker for preterm delivery? Ethn Dis . 1993;;3:372-377.
8 +
Wilcox AJ, Russell IT.  Birthweight and perinatal mortality, I: on the frequency distribution of birthweight. Int J Epidemiol . 1983;;12:314-318.
9 +
Kline J, Stein Z, Susser M. Conception to Birth: Epidemiology of Prenatal Development . New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1989;:170.
10 +
National Center for Health Statistics, US Public Health Service. Vital Statistics of the United States, 191, Vol 1, Natality . Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1985;. DHHS publication PHS 85-1113.
11 +
Collaborative Group on Preterm Birth Prevention.  Multicenter randomized, controlled trial of a preterm birth prevention program. Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1993;; 169:352-366.
12 +
Creasy RK.  Preterm birth prevention: where are we? Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1993;;168:1223-1230.
13 +
Savitz DA, Blackmore CA, Thorp JM.  Epidemiologic characteristics of preterm delivery: etiologic heterogeneity. Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1991;;164:467-471.
14 +
Adams MM, Read JA, Rawlings JS, Harlass FB, Sarno AP, Rhodes PH.  Preterm delivery among black and white enlisted women in the United States Army. Obstet Gynecol . 1993;;81:65-71.

Figures

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Interactive Graphics

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Robertson PA, Sniderman SH, Laros RK, et al.  Neonatal morbidity according to gestational age and birth weight from five tertiary care centers in the United States, 1983 through 1986. Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1992;;166:1629-1645.
2 +
Wilcox A, Skjærven R, Buekens P, Kiely J.  Birth weight and perinatal mortality: a comparison of the United States and Norway. JAMA . 1995;;273:709-711.
3 +
Proceedings of the International Collaborative Effort on Perinatal and Infant Mortality, Volume III . Hyattsville, Md: US Dept of Health and Human Services, US Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics; 1992;.
4 +
Ventura SJ, Martin JA, Taffel SM, Mathews TJ, Clarke SC.  Advance report of final natality statistics, 1992. Monthly Vital Stat Rep . 1994;;43(suppl to No. (5) ):57.
5 +
Adams MM, Berg CJ, Rhodes PH, McCarthy BJ.  Another look at the black-white gap in gestation-specific perinatal mortality. Int J Epidemiol . 1991;;20:950-957.
6 +
David RJ, Collins JW.  Bad outcomes in black babies: race or racism? Ethn Dis . 1991;;1:236-244.
7 +
Blackmore CA, Ferrre CD, Rowley DL, Hogue CJR, Gaiter J, Atrash H.  Is race a risk factor or a risk marker for preterm delivery? Ethn Dis . 1993;;3:372-377.
8 +
Wilcox AJ, Russell IT.  Birthweight and perinatal mortality, I: on the frequency distribution of birthweight. Int J Epidemiol . 1983;;12:314-318.
9 +
Kline J, Stein Z, Susser M. Conception to Birth: Epidemiology of Prenatal Development . New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1989;:170.
10 +
National Center for Health Statistics, US Public Health Service. Vital Statistics of the United States, 191, Vol 1, Natality . Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1985;. DHHS publication PHS 85-1113.
11 +
Collaborative Group on Preterm Birth Prevention.  Multicenter randomized, controlled trial of a preterm birth prevention program. Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1993;; 169:352-366.
12 +
Creasy RK.  Preterm birth prevention: where are we? Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1993;;168:1223-1230.
13 +
Savitz DA, Blackmore CA, Thorp JM.  Epidemiologic characteristics of preterm delivery: etiologic heterogeneity. Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1991;;164:467-471.
14 +
Adams MM, Read JA, Rawlings JS, Harlass FB, Sarno AP, Rhodes PH.  Preterm delivery among black and white enlisted women in the United States Army. Obstet Gynecol . 1993;;81:65-71.

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