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June 7, 1995, Vol 273, No. 21 >
ARTICLE | June 7, 1995

Ophthalmology FREE

Leonard A. Levin, MD, PhD
JAMA. 1995;273(21):1703-1705. doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520450073038
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References

For patients, loss of vision is one of the most feared consequences of ophthalmic or systemic disease. For many, it is second only to death. Basic science and clinical research by visual scientists and ophthalmologists is steadily yielding the means to better prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases that cause blindness and erode our patients' quality of life.

Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in those older than 65 years in the United States, and treatment options are limited in the majority of cases. The pathophysiology involves degenerative changes in the macula or central retina. Recent interest has focused on the role of light-mediated free radical production and subsequent lipid peroxidation mediating damage in this area and, conversely, the role of food and dietary supplements that may block macular degeneration by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting these oxidative processes. The Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group analyzed 356

REFERENCES

1 +
Seddon JM, Ajani UA, Sperduto RD, et al.  Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration. JAMA . 1994;;272:1413-1420.
2 +
Schalch W.  Carotenoids in the retina: a review of their possible role in preventing or limiting damage caused by light and oxygen.  In: Emerit I, Chance B, eds. Free Radicals and Aging . Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag; 1992;:280-298.
3 +
Martin DF, Parks DJ, Mellow SD, et al.  Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with an intraocular sustained-release ganciclovir implant: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Arch Ophthalmol . 1994;;112:1531-1539.
4 +
Shafran SD, Deschenes J, Miller M, Phillips P, Toma E.  The MAC Study Group of the Canadian HIV Trials Network: uveitis and pseudojaundice during a regimen of clarithromycin, rifabutin and ethambutol. N Engl J Med . 1994;;330:438-439.
5 +
Saran BR, Maguire AM, Nichols C, et al.  Hypopyon uveitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated for systemic Mycobacterium avium complex infection with rifabutin. Arch Ophthalmol . 1994;;112:1159-1165.
6 +
Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ.  The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy, XIV: ten-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol . 1994;;112:1217-1228.
7 +
Waring GO, Lynn MJ, McDonnell PJ, and the PERK Study Group.  Results of the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) Study 10 years after surgery. Arch Ophthalmol . 1994;;112:1298-1308.
8 +
Beck RW, Cleary PA, Anderson MMJ, et al.  A randomized, controlled trial of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute optic neuritis. N Engl J Med . 1992;;326:581-588.
9 +
Beck RW, Cleary PA, Trobe JD, et al.  The effect of corticosteroids for acute optic neuritis on the subsequent development of multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med . 1993;; 329:1764-1769.
10 +
Beck RW.  The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial: three-year follow-up results. Arch Ophthalmol . 1995;;113:136-137.
11 +
Beck RW, Cleary PA, and the Optic Neuritis Study Group.  Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial: one-year follow-up results. Arch Ophthalmol . 1993;;111:773-775.
12 +
Beck RW, Cleary PA, Backlund JC, and the Optic Neuritis Study Group.  The course of visual recovery after optic neuritis: experience of the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial. Ophthalmology . 1994;;101:1771-1778.
13 +
The Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial Research Group.  Optic nerve decompression surgery for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is not effective and may be harmful. JAMA . 1995;;273:625-632.
14 +
Hinton DR, Sadun AA, Blanks JC, Miller CA.  Optic-nerve degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med . 1986;;315:485-487.
15 +
Katz B, Rimmer S.  Ophthalmologic manifestations of Alzheimer's disease. Surv Ophthalmol . 1989;;34:31-43.
16 +
Scinto LFM, Daffner KR, Dressler D, et al.  A potential noninvasive neurobiological test for Alzheimer's disease. Science . 1994;;266:1051-1054.

Figures

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Interactive Graphics

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Seddon JM, Ajani UA, Sperduto RD, et al.  Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration. JAMA . 1994;;272:1413-1420.
2 +
Schalch W.  Carotenoids in the retina: a review of their possible role in preventing or limiting damage caused by light and oxygen.  In: Emerit I, Chance B, eds. Free Radicals and Aging . Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag; 1992;:280-298.
3 +
Martin DF, Parks DJ, Mellow SD, et al.  Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with an intraocular sustained-release ganciclovir implant: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Arch Ophthalmol . 1994;;112:1531-1539.
4 +
Shafran SD, Deschenes J, Miller M, Phillips P, Toma E.  The MAC Study Group of the Canadian HIV Trials Network: uveitis and pseudojaundice during a regimen of clarithromycin, rifabutin and ethambutol. N Engl J Med . 1994;;330:438-439.
5 +
Saran BR, Maguire AM, Nichols C, et al.  Hypopyon uveitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated for systemic Mycobacterium avium complex infection with rifabutin. Arch Ophthalmol . 1994;;112:1159-1165.
6 +
Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ.  The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy, XIV: ten-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol . 1994;;112:1217-1228.
7 +
Waring GO, Lynn MJ, McDonnell PJ, and the PERK Study Group.  Results of the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) Study 10 years after surgery. Arch Ophthalmol . 1994;;112:1298-1308.
8 +
Beck RW, Cleary PA, Anderson MMJ, et al.  A randomized, controlled trial of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute optic neuritis. N Engl J Med . 1992;;326:581-588.
9 +
Beck RW, Cleary PA, Trobe JD, et al.  The effect of corticosteroids for acute optic neuritis on the subsequent development of multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med . 1993;; 329:1764-1769.
10 +
Beck RW.  The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial: three-year follow-up results. Arch Ophthalmol . 1995;;113:136-137.
11 +
Beck RW, Cleary PA, and the Optic Neuritis Study Group.  Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial: one-year follow-up results. Arch Ophthalmol . 1993;;111:773-775.
12 +
Beck RW, Cleary PA, Backlund JC, and the Optic Neuritis Study Group.  The course of visual recovery after optic neuritis: experience of the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial. Ophthalmology . 1994;;101:1771-1778.
13 +
The Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial Research Group.  Optic nerve decompression surgery for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is not effective and may be harmful. JAMA . 1995;;273:625-632.
14 +
Hinton DR, Sadun AA, Blanks JC, Miller CA.  Optic-nerve degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med . 1986;;315:485-487.
15 +
Katz B, Rimmer S.  Ophthalmologic manifestations of Alzheimer's disease. Surv Ophthalmol . 1989;;34:31-43.
16 +
Scinto LFM, Daffner KR, Dressler D, et al.  A potential noninvasive neurobiological test for Alzheimer's disease. Science . 1994;;266:1051-1054.

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