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June 7, 1995, Vol 273, No. 21 >
ARTICLE | June 7, 1995

Nutrition FREE

Robert M. Russell, MD
JAMA. 1995;273(21):1699-1700. doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520450069035
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References

Obesity prevalence in the United States has increased approximately 8% between 1976 to 1980 and 1988 to 1991.1 Adult men and women were on average 3.6 kg heavier in the latter period vs the former. To the major health risks of obesity (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia) is added another problem: a well-documented discrimination against obese people, with important social and economic consequences. In a 7-year follow-up study of females aged 16 to 24 years, obese females were less likely to have been married and had less schooling, lower incomes, and higher rates of household poverty than females with other chronic medical conditions.2

Because most obese people cannot achieve prolonged weight loss with dietary-restriction regimens alone, the treatment of obesity with anorexigenic medications is now being considered. Serotonergic agonists (eg, fenfluramine hydrochloride) and adrenergic compounds (eg, phentermine hydrochloride, diethylpropion hydrochloride, and mazindol) are being studied for their ability

REFERENCES

1 +
Kucamarski RJ, Flegal KM, Campbell SM, Clifford MHS, Johnson MSPH.  Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960 to 1991. JAMA . 1994;;272:205-211.
2 +
Gortmaker SL, Must A, Perrin JM, Sobol AM, Dietz WH.  Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood. N Engl J Med . 1993;;329:1008-1012.
3 +
Goldstein DJ, Potvin JH.  Long-term weight loss: the effect of pharmacologic agents. Am J Clin Nutr . 1994;;60:647-657.
4 +
American Diabetes Association.  Nutrition recommendations and principles for people with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care . 1994;;17:519-522.
5 +
Food and Nutrition Science Alliance. Statement on Trans Fatty Acids . Chicago, Ill: Institute of Food Technologists and Science Communications; 1994;:1-3.
6 +
Mensink RP, Katan MB.  Effect of dietary trans fatty acids on high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy subjects. N Engl J Med . 1990;; 323:439-445.
7 +
Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, et al.  Intake of trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among women. Lancet . 1993;;341:581-585.
8 +
Ascherio A, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Master C, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC.  Trans-fatty acids intake and risk of myocardial infarction. Circulation . 1994;;89:94-101.
9 +
The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Prevention Study Group.  The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. N Engl J Med . 1994;;330:1029-1035.
10 +
Greenberg RE, Baron JA, Tosteson TD, et al, for the Poly Prevention Study Group.  A clinical trial of antioxidant vitamins to prevent colorectal adenoma. N Engl J Med . 1994;;331:141-147.
11 +
Seddon JM, Ajani UA, Sperduto RD, et al, for the Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group.  Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration. JAMA . 1994;;272:1413-1420.
12 +
Aloia JF, Vaswani A, Yeh JK, Ross P, Flaster E, Dilmanian A.  Calcium supplementation with and without hormone replacement therapy to prevent postmenopausal bone loss. Ann Intern Med . 1994;;120:97-103.
13 +
Chapuy MC, Arlot ME, Duboeuf F, et al.  Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women. N Engl J Med . 1992;;327:1637-1642.
14 +
NIH Consensus Development Panel on Optimal Calcium Intake.  Optimal calcium intake. JAMA . 1994;;272:1942-1948.
15 +
Nelson ME, Fiatarone MA, Morganti CM, Trice I, Greenberg RA, Evans WJ.  Effect of high-intensity strength training on multiple risk factors for osteoporotic fractures. JAMA . 1994;;272:1909-1914.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Kucamarski RJ, Flegal KM, Campbell SM, Clifford MHS, Johnson MSPH.  Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960 to 1991. JAMA . 1994;;272:205-211.
2 +
Gortmaker SL, Must A, Perrin JM, Sobol AM, Dietz WH.  Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood. N Engl J Med . 1993;;329:1008-1012.
3 +
Goldstein DJ, Potvin JH.  Long-term weight loss: the effect of pharmacologic agents. Am J Clin Nutr . 1994;;60:647-657.
4 +
American Diabetes Association.  Nutrition recommendations and principles for people with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care . 1994;;17:519-522.
5 +
Food and Nutrition Science Alliance. Statement on Trans Fatty Acids . Chicago, Ill: Institute of Food Technologists and Science Communications; 1994;:1-3.
6 +
Mensink RP, Katan MB.  Effect of dietary trans fatty acids on high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy subjects. N Engl J Med . 1990;; 323:439-445.
7 +
Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, et al.  Intake of trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among women. Lancet . 1993;;341:581-585.
8 +
Ascherio A, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Master C, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC.  Trans-fatty acids intake and risk of myocardial infarction. Circulation . 1994;;89:94-101.
9 +
The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Prevention Study Group.  The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. N Engl J Med . 1994;;330:1029-1035.
10 +
Greenberg RE, Baron JA, Tosteson TD, et al, for the Poly Prevention Study Group.  A clinical trial of antioxidant vitamins to prevent colorectal adenoma. N Engl J Med . 1994;;331:141-147.
11 +
Seddon JM, Ajani UA, Sperduto RD, et al, for the Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group.  Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration. JAMA . 1994;;272:1413-1420.
12 +
Aloia JF, Vaswani A, Yeh JK, Ross P, Flaster E, Dilmanian A.  Calcium supplementation with and without hormone replacement therapy to prevent postmenopausal bone loss. Ann Intern Med . 1994;;120:97-103.
13 +
Chapuy MC, Arlot ME, Duboeuf F, et al.  Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women. N Engl J Med . 1992;;327:1637-1642.
14 +
NIH Consensus Development Panel on Optimal Calcium Intake.  Optimal calcium intake. JAMA . 1994;;272:1942-1948.
15 +
Nelson ME, Fiatarone MA, Morganti CM, Trice I, Greenberg RA, Evans WJ.  Effect of high-intensity strength training on multiple risk factors for osteoporotic fractures. JAMA . 1994;;272:1909-1914.

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