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June 16, 1993, Vol 269, No. 23 >
ARTICLE | June 16, 1993

Rising HIV-Related Mortality in Young Americans FREE

Sten H. Vermund, MD, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Vaccine Trials and Epidemiology Branch, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 6003 Executive Blvd, Solar 2A42, Bethesda, MD 20892 (Dr Vermund).


JAMA. 1993;269(23):3034-3035. doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03500230116039
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Article
References

In this issue of THE Journal, Selik et al1 report that disease attributable to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was the No. 1 cause of death among young men 25 to 44 years of age in 64 US cities in 1990. Nationwide, HIV infection was the second leading cause of death in men aged 25 to 44 years. In Florida, for example, HIV infection was the leading cause of death for young men statewide in 1990, and HIV infection led all other causes of death in the cities of Hialeah, Hollywood, Fort Lauderdale, Miami, Orlando, St Petersburg, and Tampa. Nationwide, cities reporting HIV infection as the No. 1 cause of young male deaths were as diverse as Arlington, Va; Baton Rouge, La; Columbia, SC; Indianapolis, Ind; Jackson, Miss; Minneapolis, Minn; Pasadena, Calif; Raleigh, NC; Springfield, Mo; Stamford, Conn; and Syracuse, NY. Among women aged 25

See also p 2991.

REFERENCES

1 +
Selik RM, Chu SY, Buehler JW.  HIV infection as leading cause of death among young adults in US cities and states. JAMA . 1993;;269:2991-2994.
2 +
Bregman DJ, Langmuir AD.  Farr's law applied to AIDS projections. JAMA . 1990;;263:1522-1525.
3 +
World Health Organization. Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, Based on the Recommendations of the Ninth Revision Conference, 1975 . Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1977;.
4 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection codes and new codes for Kaposi's sarcoma: official authorized addenda, ICD-9-CM (revision No. 2). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1991;;40( (RR-9) ):1-19.
5 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Mortality attributed to HIV infection/AIDS— United States, 1981-1990. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1991;;40:41-44.
6 +
Rosenberg PS, Gail MH, Schrager LK, et al.  National AIDS incidence trends and the extent of zidovudine therapy in selected demographic and transmission groups. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr . 1991;;4:392-401.
7 +
Brookmeyer R.  Reconstruction and future trends of the AIDS epidemic in the United States. Science . 1991;;253:37-42.
8 +
Centers for Disease Control.  HIV prevalence estimates and AIDS case projections for the United States: report based upon a workshop. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1990;;39( (RR-16) ):1-31.
9 +
Vermund SH.  Changing estimates of HIV-1 seroprevalence in the United States. J NIH Res . 1991;;3( (7) ):77-81.
10 +
Gardner LI Jr, Brundage JF, Burke DS, McNeil JG, Visintine R, Miller RN.  Evidence for spread of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic into low prevalence areas of the United States. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr . 1989;;2:521-532.
11 +
Rumley RL, Shappley NC, Waivers LE, Esinhart JD.  AIDS in rural eastern North Carolina—patient migration: a rural AIDS burden. AIDS . 1991;;5:1373-1378.
12 +
Ellerbrock TV, Lieb S, Harrington PE, et al.  Heterosexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus infection among pregnant women in a rural Florida community. N Engl J Med . 1992;;327:1704-1709.
13 +
Kingsley LA, Zhou SY, Bacellar H, et al.  Temporal trends in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion 1984-1989: a report from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Am J Epidemiol . 1991;;134:331-339.
14 +
Handsfield HH, Schwebke J.  Trends in sexually transmitted diseases in homosexually active men in King County, Washington, 1980-1990. Sex Transm Dis . 1990;; 17:211-215.
15 +
Winkelstein W Jr, Wiley JA, Osmond D, Coates T, Sheppard HW, Page K. The San Francisco Young Men's Health Study. In: Program and abstracts of the IXth International Conference on AIDS; June 7-11, 1993; Berlin, Germany. Abstract in press.
16 +
Nieri GN, Lemp GF, Watson RP, Nguyen S, Parisi MK, Clevenger AC. HIV-1 seroprevalence and risk behaviors among young gay and bisexual men in San Francisco. In: Program and abstracts of the VIIIth International Conference on AIDS; July 19-24, 1992; Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 1992:2:C329. Abstract PoC4505.
17 +
Graham NMH, Zeger SL, Park LP, et al.  Effect of HIV chemoprophylaxis on AIDS mortality in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. N Engl J Med . 1992;;326: 1037-1042.
18 +
Lemp GF, Hirozawa AM, Cohen JB, Derish PA, McKinney KC, Hernandez SR.  Survival for women and men with AIDS. J Infect Dis . 1992;;166:74-79.
19 +
Graham NMH, Zeger SL, Park LP, et al.  Effect of zidovudine and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis on progression of HIV-1 infection to AIDS in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Lancet . 1991;;338:265-269.
20 +
Moore RD, Hidalgo J, Sugland BW, Chaisson RE.  Zidovudine and the natural history of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med . 1991;;324:1412-1416.
21 +
Friedland GH, Saltzman B, Vileno J, Freeman K, Schrager LK, Klein RS.  Survival differences in patients with AIDS. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr . 1991;;4:144-153, 737.
22 +
Selwyn PA, Alcabes P, Hartel D, et al.  Clinical manifestations and predictors of disease progression in drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med . 1992;;327:1697-1703.
23 +
Muñoz A, Schrager LK, Bacellar H, et al.  Trends in the incidence of outcomes defining acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study: 1985-1991. Am J Epidemiol . 1993;;137:423-438.
24 +
Gail MH, Rosenberg PS, Goedert JJ.  Therapy may explain recent deficits in AIDS incidence. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr . 1990;;3:296-306.
25 +
Rosenberg PS, Levy ME, Brundage JF, et al.  Population-based monitoring of an urban HIV/AIDS epidemic: magnitude and trends in the District of Columbia. JAMA . 1992;;268:495-503.
26 +
Schoenbaum EE, Webber MP.  The underrecognition of HIV infection in women in an inner-city emergency room. Am J Public Health . 1993;;83:363-368.
27 +
National Commission on AIDS. The Challenge of HIV/AIDS in Communities of Color . Washington, DC: National Commission on AIDS; 1992;:1-12.
28 +
McCord C, Freeman HP.  Excess mortality in Harlem. N Engl J Med . 1990;;322: 173-177.
29 +
Farizo KM, Buehler JW, Chamberland ME, et al.  Spectrum of disease in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection in the United States. JAMA . 1992;; 267:1798-1805.
30 +
Small CB, Kaufman A, Armenaka M, Rosenstreich DL.  Sinusitis and atopy in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis . 1993;;167:283-290.
31 +
Vermund SH, Kelley KF, Klein RS, et al.  High risk of human papillomavirus infection and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions among women with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1991;;165:392-400.
32 +
Frieden TR, Sterling T, Pablos Mendez A, Kilburn JO, Cauthen GM, Dooley SW.  The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in New York City. N Engl J Med . 1993;;328:521-526.
33 +
Erice A, Mayers DL, Strike DG, et al.  Brief report: primary infection with zidovudine-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1. N Engl J Med . 1993;; 328:1163-1165.
34 +
Conway GA, Epstein MR, Hayman CR, et al.  Trends in HIV prevalence in disadvantaged youth: survey results from a national job training program, 1988 through 1992. JAMA . 1993;;269:2887-2889.
35 +
Bowler S, Sheon AS, D'Angelo L, Vermund SH.  HIV and AIDS among adolescents in the United States: increasing risk in the 1990s. J Adolesc . 1992;;15:345-371.
36 +
Gwinn M, Pappaioanou M, George JR, et al.  Prevalence of HIV infection in childbearing women in the United States: surveillance using newborn blood samples. JAMA . 1991;;265:1704-1708.
37 +
Kaplan EH.  Needle exchange or needless exchange? the state of the debate. Infect Agents Dis . 1992;;1:92-98.
38 +
Vermund SH, Hoth DF.  How can epidemiology assist in guiding interventions for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus? Ann Epidemiol . 1990;;1:141-155.
39 +
Haynes BF.  Scientific and social issues of human immunodeficiency virus vaccine development. Science . 1993;;260:1289-1296.
40 +
Johnston MI, Hoth DF.  Present status and future prospects for HIV therapies. Science . 1993;;260:1296-1303.
41 +
Elias CJ, Heise L. The Development of Microbicides: A New Method of HIV Prevention for Women . New York, NY: The Population Council; 1993;. The Population Council Programs Division Working Papers, No. 6.

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Interactive Graphics

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Selik RM, Chu SY, Buehler JW.  HIV infection as leading cause of death among young adults in US cities and states. JAMA . 1993;;269:2991-2994.
2 +
Bregman DJ, Langmuir AD.  Farr's law applied to AIDS projections. JAMA . 1990;;263:1522-1525.
3 +
World Health Organization. Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, Based on the Recommendations of the Ninth Revision Conference, 1975 . Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1977;.
4 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection codes and new codes for Kaposi's sarcoma: official authorized addenda, ICD-9-CM (revision No. 2). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1991;;40( (RR-9) ):1-19.
5 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Mortality attributed to HIV infection/AIDS— United States, 1981-1990. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1991;;40:41-44.
6 +
Rosenberg PS, Gail MH, Schrager LK, et al.  National AIDS incidence trends and the extent of zidovudine therapy in selected demographic and transmission groups. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr . 1991;;4:392-401.
7 +
Brookmeyer R.  Reconstruction and future trends of the AIDS epidemic in the United States. Science . 1991;;253:37-42.
8 +
Centers for Disease Control.  HIV prevalence estimates and AIDS case projections for the United States: report based upon a workshop. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1990;;39( (RR-16) ):1-31.
9 +
Vermund SH.  Changing estimates of HIV-1 seroprevalence in the United States. J NIH Res . 1991;;3( (7) ):77-81.
10 +
Gardner LI Jr, Brundage JF, Burke DS, McNeil JG, Visintine R, Miller RN.  Evidence for spread of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic into low prevalence areas of the United States. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr . 1989;;2:521-532.
11 +
Rumley RL, Shappley NC, Waivers LE, Esinhart JD.  AIDS in rural eastern North Carolina—patient migration: a rural AIDS burden. AIDS . 1991;;5:1373-1378.
12 +
Ellerbrock TV, Lieb S, Harrington PE, et al.  Heterosexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus infection among pregnant women in a rural Florida community. N Engl J Med . 1992;;327:1704-1709.
13 +
Kingsley LA, Zhou SY, Bacellar H, et al.  Temporal trends in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion 1984-1989: a report from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Am J Epidemiol . 1991;;134:331-339.
14 +
Handsfield HH, Schwebke J.  Trends in sexually transmitted diseases in homosexually active men in King County, Washington, 1980-1990. Sex Transm Dis . 1990;; 17:211-215.
15 +
Winkelstein W Jr, Wiley JA, Osmond D, Coates T, Sheppard HW, Page K. The San Francisco Young Men's Health Study. In: Program and abstracts of the IXth International Conference on AIDS; June 7-11, 1993; Berlin, Germany. Abstract in press.
16 +
Nieri GN, Lemp GF, Watson RP, Nguyen S, Parisi MK, Clevenger AC. HIV-1 seroprevalence and risk behaviors among young gay and bisexual men in San Francisco. In: Program and abstracts of the VIIIth International Conference on AIDS; July 19-24, 1992; Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 1992:2:C329. Abstract PoC4505.
17 +
Graham NMH, Zeger SL, Park LP, et al.  Effect of HIV chemoprophylaxis on AIDS mortality in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. N Engl J Med . 1992;;326: 1037-1042.
18 +
Lemp GF, Hirozawa AM, Cohen JB, Derish PA, McKinney KC, Hernandez SR.  Survival for women and men with AIDS. J Infect Dis . 1992;;166:74-79.
19 +
Graham NMH, Zeger SL, Park LP, et al.  Effect of zidovudine and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis on progression of HIV-1 infection to AIDS in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Lancet . 1991;;338:265-269.
20 +
Moore RD, Hidalgo J, Sugland BW, Chaisson RE.  Zidovudine and the natural history of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med . 1991;;324:1412-1416.
21 +
Friedland GH, Saltzman B, Vileno J, Freeman K, Schrager LK, Klein RS.  Survival differences in patients with AIDS. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr . 1991;;4:144-153, 737.
22 +
Selwyn PA, Alcabes P, Hartel D, et al.  Clinical manifestations and predictors of disease progression in drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med . 1992;;327:1697-1703.
23 +
Muñoz A, Schrager LK, Bacellar H, et al.  Trends in the incidence of outcomes defining acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study: 1985-1991. Am J Epidemiol . 1993;;137:423-438.
24 +
Gail MH, Rosenberg PS, Goedert JJ.  Therapy may explain recent deficits in AIDS incidence. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr . 1990;;3:296-306.
25 +
Rosenberg PS, Levy ME, Brundage JF, et al.  Population-based monitoring of an urban HIV/AIDS epidemic: magnitude and trends in the District of Columbia. JAMA . 1992;;268:495-503.
26 +
Schoenbaum EE, Webber MP.  The underrecognition of HIV infection in women in an inner-city emergency room. Am J Public Health . 1993;;83:363-368.
27 +
National Commission on AIDS. The Challenge of HIV/AIDS in Communities of Color . Washington, DC: National Commission on AIDS; 1992;:1-12.
28 +
McCord C, Freeman HP.  Excess mortality in Harlem. N Engl J Med . 1990;;322: 173-177.
29 +
Farizo KM, Buehler JW, Chamberland ME, et al.  Spectrum of disease in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection in the United States. JAMA . 1992;; 267:1798-1805.
30 +
Small CB, Kaufman A, Armenaka M, Rosenstreich DL.  Sinusitis and atopy in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis . 1993;;167:283-290.
31 +
Vermund SH, Kelley KF, Klein RS, et al.  High risk of human papillomavirus infection and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions among women with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1991;;165:392-400.
32 +
Frieden TR, Sterling T, Pablos Mendez A, Kilburn JO, Cauthen GM, Dooley SW.  The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in New York City. N Engl J Med . 1993;;328:521-526.
33 +
Erice A, Mayers DL, Strike DG, et al.  Brief report: primary infection with zidovudine-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1. N Engl J Med . 1993;; 328:1163-1165.
34 +
Conway GA, Epstein MR, Hayman CR, et al.  Trends in HIV prevalence in disadvantaged youth: survey results from a national job training program, 1988 through 1992. JAMA . 1993;;269:2887-2889.
35 +
Bowler S, Sheon AS, D'Angelo L, Vermund SH.  HIV and AIDS among adolescents in the United States: increasing risk in the 1990s. J Adolesc . 1992;;15:345-371.
36 +
Gwinn M, Pappaioanou M, George JR, et al.  Prevalence of HIV infection in childbearing women in the United States: surveillance using newborn blood samples. JAMA . 1991;;265:1704-1708.
37 +
Kaplan EH.  Needle exchange or needless exchange? the state of the debate. Infect Agents Dis . 1992;;1:92-98.
38 +
Vermund SH, Hoth DF.  How can epidemiology assist in guiding interventions for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus? Ann Epidemiol . 1990;;1:141-155.
39 +
Haynes BF.  Scientific and social issues of human immunodeficiency virus vaccine development. Science . 1993;;260:1289-1296.
40 +
Johnston MI, Hoth DF.  Present status and future prospects for HIV therapies. Science . 1993;;260:1296-1303.
41 +
Elias CJ, Heise L. The Development of Microbicides: A New Method of HIV Prevention for Women . New York, NY: The Population Council; 1993;. The Population Council Programs Division Working Papers, No. 6.

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