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July 15, 1992, Vol 268, No. 3 >
ARTICLE | July 15, 1992

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine FREE

Robert L. Reddick, MD; William W. McLendon, MD
JAMA. 1992;268(3):397-399. doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03490030109048
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References

In the last year, the development and use of new methods to improve diagnostic acumen in anatomic pathology have continued to be major endeavors. One of the most exciting new techniques is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This technology allows the synthesis of multiple copies of DNA from extremely small starting samples of DNA or RNA. Polymerase chain reaction has been performed on single cells, blood spots, embryos, and tissues embedded in paraffin blocks.1 In diagnostic pathology, PCR has been used to document the presence of Epstein-Barr virus sequences in Hodgkin's disease2; to study lineage and clonality in lymphomas3 and gene rearrangements in B- and T-lymphoproliferative disorders4; and to detect human T-cell leukemialymphoma viruses.5 The PCR technology performed on the DNA extracted from chorionic villi has been used for the prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and β-thalassemia.6 Such an approach

REFERENCES

1 +
Wright PA, Wynford-Thomas D.  The polymerase chain reaction: miracle or mirage? a critical review of its uses and limitations in diagnosis and research. J Pathol . 1990;;162:99-117.
2 +
Knecht H, Obermatt BF, Bachman NE, et al.  Frequent detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA by the polymerase chain reaction in lymph node biopsies from patients with Hodgkin's disease without genomic evidence of B- or T-cell clonality. Blood . 1991;;78:760-767.
3 +
Lardelli P, Swaby RF, Medeiros LJ, Jaffe ES, Rizzi R, Stetler-Stevenson M.  Determination of lineage and clonality in diffuse lymphomas using the polymerase chain reaction techniques. Hum Pathol . 1991;;22:685-689.
4 +
Trainor KJ, Brisco MJ, Wan JH, Neoh S, Grist S, Morley AA.  Gene rearrangement in B- and T-lymphoproliferative disease detected by the polymerase chain reaction. Blood . 1991;;78:192-196.
5 +
Hjelle B.  Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma viruses: life cycle, pathogenicity, epidemiology, and diagnosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med . 1991;;115:440-450.
6 +
Lindeman R, Wallace R, Volpato F, Hu SP, Trent RJ.  Utility of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for prenatal diagnosis of genetic disease. Pathology . 1991;;23:158-163.
7 +
Hindkjaer J, Koch J, Mogensen J, et al.  Primed in situ labelling of nucleic acids: a technique for gene mapping, diagnostics, and functional cytogenetics. Biotech Forum Europe . 1991;;8:752-756.
8 +
Nuovo GJ, Gallery F, MacConnell P, Becker J, Bloch W.  An improved technique for the in situ detection of DNA after polymerase chain reaction amplification. Am J Pathol . 1991;;139:1239-1244.
9 +
Roald B, Brandtzaeg P.  Immunohistochemistry on needle biopsies of childhood malignancies. Pathol Res Prac . 1991;;187:917-923.
10 +
Silverman LM, Highsmith WE Jr.  Automation and the single-gene disorder: cystic fibrosis as a model. Clin Chem . 1992;;38:7-8.
11 +
College of American Pathologists Conference XIX.  The examination of the placenta: patient care and risk management. Arch Pathol Lab Med . 1991;;115:660-721.
12 +
Altshuler G, Deppisch LM.  College of American Pathologist Conference XIX on the Examination of the Placenta: report of the working group on indications for placental examination. Arch Pathol Lab Med . 1991;;115:701-703.
13 +
Naeye RL. Disorders of the Placenta, Fetus and Neonate: Diagnosis and Clinical Significance . St Louis, Mo: Mosby—Year Book; 1991;.
14 +
Hardy K, Handyside AH.  Biopsy of cleavage stage human embryos and diagnosis of single gene defects by DNA amplification. Arch Pathol Lab Med . 1992;;116:388-392.
15 +
Negrin RS, Kiem HP, Schmidt-Wolf IG, Blume KG, Cleary ML.  Use of the polymerase chain reaction to monitor the effectiveness of ex vivo tumor cell purging. Blood . 1991;;77:654-660.
16 +
Ziegler EJ, Fisher Jr CJ, Sprung CL, et al.  Treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock with HA-1A human monoclonal antibody against endotoxin. N Engl J Med . 1991;;324:429-436.
17 +
Wilson ML, Winstein MP, Reimer LG, Mirrett S, Reller LB.  Controlled comparison of the BacT/Alert and BACTEC 660/730 nonradiometric blood culture systems. J Clin Microbiol . 1992;;30: 323-329.
18 +
Weinstein RS, Kuszak JR, Kluskens LF, Coon JS.  P-Glycoproteins in pathology: the multidrug resistance gene family in humans. Hum Pathol . 1990;;21:34-48.
19 +
Haber DA.  Multidrug resistance (MDR1) in leukemia: is it time to test? Blood . 1992;;79:295-298.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Wright PA, Wynford-Thomas D.  The polymerase chain reaction: miracle or mirage? a critical review of its uses and limitations in diagnosis and research. J Pathol . 1990;;162:99-117.
2 +
Knecht H, Obermatt BF, Bachman NE, et al.  Frequent detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA by the polymerase chain reaction in lymph node biopsies from patients with Hodgkin's disease without genomic evidence of B- or T-cell clonality. Blood . 1991;;78:760-767.
3 +
Lardelli P, Swaby RF, Medeiros LJ, Jaffe ES, Rizzi R, Stetler-Stevenson M.  Determination of lineage and clonality in diffuse lymphomas using the polymerase chain reaction techniques. Hum Pathol . 1991;;22:685-689.
4 +
Trainor KJ, Brisco MJ, Wan JH, Neoh S, Grist S, Morley AA.  Gene rearrangement in B- and T-lymphoproliferative disease detected by the polymerase chain reaction. Blood . 1991;;78:192-196.
5 +
Hjelle B.  Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma viruses: life cycle, pathogenicity, epidemiology, and diagnosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med . 1991;;115:440-450.
6 +
Lindeman R, Wallace R, Volpato F, Hu SP, Trent RJ.  Utility of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for prenatal diagnosis of genetic disease. Pathology . 1991;;23:158-163.
7 +
Hindkjaer J, Koch J, Mogensen J, et al.  Primed in situ labelling of nucleic acids: a technique for gene mapping, diagnostics, and functional cytogenetics. Biotech Forum Europe . 1991;;8:752-756.
8 +
Nuovo GJ, Gallery F, MacConnell P, Becker J, Bloch W.  An improved technique for the in situ detection of DNA after polymerase chain reaction amplification. Am J Pathol . 1991;;139:1239-1244.
9 +
Roald B, Brandtzaeg P.  Immunohistochemistry on needle biopsies of childhood malignancies. Pathol Res Prac . 1991;;187:917-923.
10 +
Silverman LM, Highsmith WE Jr.  Automation and the single-gene disorder: cystic fibrosis as a model. Clin Chem . 1992;;38:7-8.
11 +
College of American Pathologists Conference XIX.  The examination of the placenta: patient care and risk management. Arch Pathol Lab Med . 1991;;115:660-721.
12 +
Altshuler G, Deppisch LM.  College of American Pathologist Conference XIX on the Examination of the Placenta: report of the working group on indications for placental examination. Arch Pathol Lab Med . 1991;;115:701-703.
13 +
Naeye RL. Disorders of the Placenta, Fetus and Neonate: Diagnosis and Clinical Significance . St Louis, Mo: Mosby—Year Book; 1991;.
14 +
Hardy K, Handyside AH.  Biopsy of cleavage stage human embryos and diagnosis of single gene defects by DNA amplification. Arch Pathol Lab Med . 1992;;116:388-392.
15 +
Negrin RS, Kiem HP, Schmidt-Wolf IG, Blume KG, Cleary ML.  Use of the polymerase chain reaction to monitor the effectiveness of ex vivo tumor cell purging. Blood . 1991;;77:654-660.
16 +
Ziegler EJ, Fisher Jr CJ, Sprung CL, et al.  Treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock with HA-1A human monoclonal antibody against endotoxin. N Engl J Med . 1991;;324:429-436.
17 +
Wilson ML, Winstein MP, Reimer LG, Mirrett S, Reller LB.  Controlled comparison of the BacT/Alert and BACTEC 660/730 nonradiometric blood culture systems. J Clin Microbiol . 1992;;30: 323-329.
18 +
Weinstein RS, Kuszak JR, Kluskens LF, Coon JS.  P-Glycoproteins in pathology: the multidrug resistance gene family in humans. Hum Pathol . 1990;;21:34-48.
19 +
Haber DA.  Multidrug resistance (MDR1) in leukemia: is it time to test? Blood . 1992;;79:295-298.

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