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July 15, 1992, Vol 268, No. 3 >
ARTICLE | July 15, 1992

Addiction Medicine FREE

Richard Frances, MD; John E. Franklin, MD
JAMA. 1992;268(3):330-332. doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03490030042019
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References

Addiction psychiatry achieved formal recognition as a subspecialty this year with the American Board of Medical Specialists approval of a certification process, including fellowships and an examination for added qualifications in addiction psychiatry through the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. The first examination for subspecialty certification will occur in April 1993. Psychiatry is taking a leading role in recognizing the growing complexity of addiction medicine. Recently, the Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry Committee on Alcoholism and Addictions published a position report describing the role of the psychiatrist in the evaluation and treatment of patients with substance use disorders.1 In addition, there is growing support for other medical specialties to develop American Board of Medical Specialists credentials in addiction medicine. Guidelines for postgraduate training in addiction medicine have been developed, and in 1991, there were 48 postresidency addiction fellowship programs, with 161 graduates and 122 fellows in training.

REFERENCES

1 +
Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry Committee on Alcoholism and the Addictions.  Substance abuse disorders: a psychiatric priority. Am J Psychiatry . 1991;;148:1291-1300.
2 +
Galanter M, Kaufman E, Schnoll S, Burns J.  Postgraduate medical fellowship training in alcoholism and drug abuse: national consensus standards. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse . 1991;;17:1-23.
3 +
Noble EP, Blum K, Ritchie T, et al.  Allelic association of the D2 dopamine receptor locus: studies of association and linkage. Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1991;;48:655-663.
4 +
Blum K, Noble EP, Sheridan PJ, et al.  Allelic association of human dopamine D2 receptor gene in alcoholism. JAMA . 1990;;263: 2055-2060.
5 +
Parsian A, Todd RD, Devor EJ, et al.  Alcoholism and alleles of the human D2 dopamine receptor locus: studies of association and linkage. Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1991;;48:653-663.
6 +
Bolos AM, Dean M, Lucas-Derse S, Ramsburg M, Brown GL, Goldman D.  Population and pedigree studies reveal a lack of association between the dopamine D2-receptor gene and alcoholism. JAMA . 1990;;264:3156-3161.
7 +
Gelernter J, O'Malley S, Risch N, et al.  No association between an allele at the D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) and alcoholism. JAMA . 1991;;266:1801-1807.
8 +
Schwab S, Soyka M, Niederecker M, Ackenheil M, Scherer J, Wildenauer DB.  Allelic association of human dopamine D2-receptor DNA polymorphism ruled out in 45 alcoholics. Am J Hum Genet . 1991;;49( (suppl) ):203.
9 +
Cloninger CR.  D2 dopamine receptor gene is associated but not linked with alcoholism. JAMA . 1991;;266:1833-1834.
10 +
Comings DE, Comings BG, Muhleman G, et al.  The dopamine D2 receptor locus as a modifying gene in neuropsychiatric disorders. JAMA . 1991;;266:1793-1800.
11 +
Uhl GR, Persico AM, Smith SS.  Current excitement with D2 dopamine receptor gene alleles in substance abuse. Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1992;;49:157-160.
12 +
Orford J, Velleman R.  The environmental intergenerational transmission of alcohol problems: a comparison of two hypotheses. Br J Med Psychol . 1991;;64:189-299.
13 +
Wilsnack SC, Klassen AD, Schur BE, et al.  Predicting onset and chronicity of women's problem drinking: a five-year longitudinal analysis. Am J Public Health . 1991;;81:305-318.
14 +
Dulit RA, Fyer MR, Haas GL, et al.  Substance use in borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry . 1990;;147:1002-1007.
15 +
Brady K, Anton R, Ballenger JC, et al.  Cocaine abuse among schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry . 1990;;147:1164-1167.
16 +
Kushner MG, Sher KJ, Beitman BD.  The relation between alcohol problems and the anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiatry . 1990;; 147:685-695.
17 +
George DT, Adinoff B, Ravitz B, et al.  A cerebrospinal fluid study of the pathophysiology of panic disorder associated with alcoholism. Acta Psychiatr Scand . 1990;;82:1-7.
18 +
Metzger D, Woody G, De Philippis D, et al.  Risk factors for needle sharing among methadone-treated patients. Am J Psychiatry . 1991;;148:636-640.
19 +
El-Bassel N, Schilling RF.  Drug use and sexual behavior of indigent African American men. Public Health Rep . 1991;;106:586-590.
20 +
Schrager L, Friedland G, Feiner C, Kahl B.  Demographic characteristics, drug use and sexual behavior of IV drug users with AIDS in Bronx, New York. Public Health Rep . 1991;;106:78-84.
21 +
Walsh DC, Hingson RW, Merrigan DM, et al.  A randomized trial of treatment options for alcohol-abusing workers. N Engl J Med . 1991;;325:775-782.
22 +
Yancovitz SR, Des Jarlais DC, Peyser NP, et al.  A randomized trial of an interim methadone maintenance clinic. Am J Public Health . 1991;;81:1185-1191.
23 +
Hughes JR, Gust SW, Keenan R, et al.  Long-term use of nicotine vs placebo gum. Arch Intern Med . 1991;;151:1993-1998.
24 +
Transdermal Nicotine Study Group.  Transdermal nicotine for smoking cessation: six-month results from two multicenter, controlled clinical trials. JAMA . 1991;;266:3133-3138.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry Committee on Alcoholism and the Addictions.  Substance abuse disorders: a psychiatric priority. Am J Psychiatry . 1991;;148:1291-1300.
2 +
Galanter M, Kaufman E, Schnoll S, Burns J.  Postgraduate medical fellowship training in alcoholism and drug abuse: national consensus standards. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse . 1991;;17:1-23.
3 +
Noble EP, Blum K, Ritchie T, et al.  Allelic association of the D2 dopamine receptor locus: studies of association and linkage. Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1991;;48:655-663.
4 +
Blum K, Noble EP, Sheridan PJ, et al.  Allelic association of human dopamine D2 receptor gene in alcoholism. JAMA . 1990;;263: 2055-2060.
5 +
Parsian A, Todd RD, Devor EJ, et al.  Alcoholism and alleles of the human D2 dopamine receptor locus: studies of association and linkage. Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1991;;48:653-663.
6 +
Bolos AM, Dean M, Lucas-Derse S, Ramsburg M, Brown GL, Goldman D.  Population and pedigree studies reveal a lack of association between the dopamine D2-receptor gene and alcoholism. JAMA . 1990;;264:3156-3161.
7 +
Gelernter J, O'Malley S, Risch N, et al.  No association between an allele at the D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) and alcoholism. JAMA . 1991;;266:1801-1807.
8 +
Schwab S, Soyka M, Niederecker M, Ackenheil M, Scherer J, Wildenauer DB.  Allelic association of human dopamine D2-receptor DNA polymorphism ruled out in 45 alcoholics. Am J Hum Genet . 1991;;49( (suppl) ):203.
9 +
Cloninger CR.  D2 dopamine receptor gene is associated but not linked with alcoholism. JAMA . 1991;;266:1833-1834.
10 +
Comings DE, Comings BG, Muhleman G, et al.  The dopamine D2 receptor locus as a modifying gene in neuropsychiatric disorders. JAMA . 1991;;266:1793-1800.
11 +
Uhl GR, Persico AM, Smith SS.  Current excitement with D2 dopamine receptor gene alleles in substance abuse. Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1992;;49:157-160.
12 +
Orford J, Velleman R.  The environmental intergenerational transmission of alcohol problems: a comparison of two hypotheses. Br J Med Psychol . 1991;;64:189-299.
13 +
Wilsnack SC, Klassen AD, Schur BE, et al.  Predicting onset and chronicity of women's problem drinking: a five-year longitudinal analysis. Am J Public Health . 1991;;81:305-318.
14 +
Dulit RA, Fyer MR, Haas GL, et al.  Substance use in borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry . 1990;;147:1002-1007.
15 +
Brady K, Anton R, Ballenger JC, et al.  Cocaine abuse among schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry . 1990;;147:1164-1167.
16 +
Kushner MG, Sher KJ, Beitman BD.  The relation between alcohol problems and the anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiatry . 1990;; 147:685-695.
17 +
George DT, Adinoff B, Ravitz B, et al.  A cerebrospinal fluid study of the pathophysiology of panic disorder associated with alcoholism. Acta Psychiatr Scand . 1990;;82:1-7.
18 +
Metzger D, Woody G, De Philippis D, et al.  Risk factors for needle sharing among methadone-treated patients. Am J Psychiatry . 1991;;148:636-640.
19 +
El-Bassel N, Schilling RF.  Drug use and sexual behavior of indigent African American men. Public Health Rep . 1991;;106:586-590.
20 +
Schrager L, Friedland G, Feiner C, Kahl B.  Demographic characteristics, drug use and sexual behavior of IV drug users with AIDS in Bronx, New York. Public Health Rep . 1991;;106:78-84.
21 +
Walsh DC, Hingson RW, Merrigan DM, et al.  A randomized trial of treatment options for alcohol-abusing workers. N Engl J Med . 1991;;325:775-782.
22 +
Yancovitz SR, Des Jarlais DC, Peyser NP, et al.  A randomized trial of an interim methadone maintenance clinic. Am J Public Health . 1991;;81:1185-1191.
23 +
Hughes JR, Gust SW, Keenan R, et al.  Long-term use of nicotine vs placebo gum. Arch Intern Med . 1991;;151:1993-1998.
24 +
Transdermal Nicotine Study Group.  Transdermal nicotine for smoking cessation: six-month results from two multicenter, controlled clinical trials. JAMA . 1991;;266:3133-3138.

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