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Violence in America: A Public Health Emergency: Title and subTitle BreakTime to Bite the Bullet Back FREE

C. Everett Koop, MD; George D. Lundberg, MD
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Reprint requests to Scientific Publications Group, American Medical Association, 515 N State St, Chicago, IL 60610 (Dr Lundberg).


JAMA. 1992;267(22):3075-3076. doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03480220093036
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Violence, according to one dictionary, is defined as "(1) exertion of any physical force so as to injure or abuse, (2) injury by or as if by distortion, infringement, or profanation, (3) intense, turbulent and often destructive action, or force." In his book Powershift Alvin Toffler identifies violence or the threat of violence as one of the three fundamental sources of all human power, the other two being money and knowledge. Toffler convincingly argues that these power sources influence every person and all groups including government. Of the three, violence is the lowest form of power because it can only be used to punish. Knowledge and money are far more versatile and can be used in an infinite variety of positive as well as negative or manipulative ways.1 The violence referred to in this issue of JAMA is the interpersonal kind rather than such types as war or that

REFERENCES

Toffler A. Powershift . New York, NY: Bantam Books Inc; 1990;:2,17,38,467-469.
Lundberg GD, Koop CE.  The AMA scientific journals—theme issues on violence: call for papers. JAMA . 1991;;266:1126.
 Surgeon General. Surgeon General's Workshop on Violence and Public Health, Leesburg, Va, October 27-29, 1985 . Rockville, Md: Office of Maternal and Child Health, Bureau of Maternal and Child Health and Resources Development, Health Resources and Services Administration, US Public Health Service, US Dept of Health and Human Services; 1986;. Report to the Senate Committee on Children, Families, Drugs and Alcoholism.
Fingerhut LA, Ingram DD, Feldman JJ.  Firearm and nonfirearm homicide among persons 15 to 19 years of age: differences by level of urbanization, United States, 1979 to 1989. JAMA . 1992;;267:3048-3053.
Fingerhut LA, Ingram DD, Feldman JJ.  Firearm homicide among black teenage males in metropolitan counties, 1983 through 1985 to 1987 through 1989. JAMA . 1992;;267:3054-3058.
Saltzman LE, Mercy JA, O'Carroll PW, Rosenberg ML, Rhodes PH.  Weapon involvement and injury outcomes in family and intimate assaults. JAMA . 1992;;267: 3043-3047.
Weil DS, Hemenway D.  Loaded guns in the home: an analysis of a national random survey of gun owners. JAMA . 1992;;267:3033-3037.
Callahan CM, Rivara FP.  Urban high school youth and handguns: a school-based survey. JAMA . 1992;;267:3038-3042.
Rosenberg ML, O'Carroll PW, Powell KE.  Let's be clear: violence is a public health problem. JAMA . 1992;;267:3071-3072.
Teret SP, Wintemute GJ, Beilenson P.  The Firearm Fatality Reporting System: a proposal. JAMA . 1992;;267:3073-3074.
Zane DF, Preece MJ, Patterson PJ, Svenkerud EK.  Firearm-related mortality in Texas (1985-1990). Tex Med . 1991;;87:63-65.

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Toffler A. Powershift . New York, NY: Bantam Books Inc; 1990;:2,17,38,467-469.
Lundberg GD, Koop CE.  The AMA scientific journals—theme issues on violence: call for papers. JAMA . 1991;;266:1126.
 Surgeon General. Surgeon General's Workshop on Violence and Public Health, Leesburg, Va, October 27-29, 1985 . Rockville, Md: Office of Maternal and Child Health, Bureau of Maternal and Child Health and Resources Development, Health Resources and Services Administration, US Public Health Service, US Dept of Health and Human Services; 1986;. Report to the Senate Committee on Children, Families, Drugs and Alcoholism.
Fingerhut LA, Ingram DD, Feldman JJ.  Firearm and nonfirearm homicide among persons 15 to 19 years of age: differences by level of urbanization, United States, 1979 to 1989. JAMA . 1992;;267:3048-3053.
Fingerhut LA, Ingram DD, Feldman JJ.  Firearm homicide among black teenage males in metropolitan counties, 1983 through 1985 to 1987 through 1989. JAMA . 1992;;267:3054-3058.
Saltzman LE, Mercy JA, O'Carroll PW, Rosenberg ML, Rhodes PH.  Weapon involvement and injury outcomes in family and intimate assaults. JAMA . 1992;;267: 3043-3047.
Weil DS, Hemenway D.  Loaded guns in the home: an analysis of a national random survey of gun owners. JAMA . 1992;;267:3033-3037.
Callahan CM, Rivara FP.  Urban high school youth and handguns: a school-based survey. JAMA . 1992;;267:3038-3042.
Rosenberg ML, O'Carroll PW, Powell KE.  Let's be clear: violence is a public health problem. JAMA . 1992;;267:3071-3072.
Teret SP, Wintemute GJ, Beilenson P.  The Firearm Fatality Reporting System: a proposal. JAMA . 1992;;267:3073-3074.
Zane DF, Preece MJ, Patterson PJ, Svenkerud EK.  Firearm-related mortality in Texas (1985-1990). Tex Med . 1991;;87:63-65.
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