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March 11, 1992, Vol 267, No. 10 >
ARTICLE | March 11, 1992

Epidemic Cholera in Latin America FREE

Robert V. Tauxe, MD, MPH; Paul A. Blake, MD, MPH
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Epidemiology Section, Enteric Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Mailstop C09, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 (Dr Tauxe).


JAMA. 1992;267(10):1388-1390. doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03480100098039
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References

REFERENCES

1 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Cholera—Peru, 1991. MMWR . 1991;;40:108-109.
2 +
Wachsmuth IK, Bopp CA, Fields PI.  Difference between toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 from South America and US Gulf Coast. Lancet . 1991;;337:1097-1098.
3 +
Baine WB, Zampieri A, Mazzotti M, et al.  Epidemiology of cholera in Italy in 1973. Lancet . 1974;;2:1370-1381.
4 +
Blake PA, Rosenberg ML, Costa JB, et al.  Cholera in Portugal, 1974, I: modes of transmission. Am J Epidemiol . 1977;;105:337-343.
5 +
Blake PA, Rosenberg ML, Florencia J, Costa JB, Quintino LD, Gargarosa EJ.  Cholera in Portugal, 1974, II: transmission by bottled mineral water. Am J Epidemiol . 1977;;105:344-348.
6 +
Parsonnet J.  The epidemiology of C. pylori.  In: Blaser MK, ed. Campylobacter pylori in Gastric and Peptic Ulcer Disease . New York, NY: Igaku-Shoin; 1989;:51-60.
7 +
Hornick RB, Music SI, Wenzel R, et al.  The Broad Street pump revisited: response of volunteers to ingested cholera vibrios.  In: Cahill KM, ed. Malaria, Amebiasis, Cholera, Clinical Tropical Medicine . Baltimore, Md: University Park Press; 1972;;2:225-235.
8 +
Glass RI, Holmgren J, Haley CE, et al.  Predisposition for cholera of individuals with O blood group: possible evolutionary significance. Am J Epidemiol . 1985;; 121:791-796.
9 +
Clemens JD, Van Loon F, Sack DA, et al.  Biotype as determinant of natural immunising effect of cholera. Lancet . 1991;;337:883-884.
10 +
Clemens JD, Sack DA, Harris JR, et al.  ABO blood groups and cholera: new observations on specificity of risk and modification of vaccine efficacy. J Infect Dis . 1989;;159:770-773.
11 +
Lowry PW, Pavia AT, McFarland LM, et al.  Cholera in Louisiana: widening spectrum of seafood vehicles. Arch Intern Med . 1989;;149:2079-2084.
12 +
McIntyre RC, Tira T, Flood T, Blake PA.  Modes of transmission of cholera in a newly infected population on an atoll: implications for control measures. Lancet . 1979;;1:311-314.
13 +
Blake PA, Allegra DT, Snyder JD, et al.  Cholera—a possible endemic focus in the United States. N Engl J Med . 1980;;302:305-309.
14 +
Tauxe RV, Holmberg SD, Dodin A, Wells JG, Blake PA.  Epidemic cholera in Mali: high mortality and multiple routes of transmission in a famine area. Epidemiol Infect . 1988;;100:279-289.
15 +
St Louis ME, Porter JD, Helal A, et al.  Epidemic cholera in West Africa: the role of food handling and high-risk foods. Am J Epidemiol . 1990;;131:719-727.
16 +
Goh KT, Lam S, Kumarapathy S, Tan JL.  A common source of foodborne outbreak of cholera in Singapore. Int J Epidemiol . 1984;;13:210-215.
17 +
Deb BC, Sircar BK, Sengupta PG, et al.  Intra-familial transmission of Vibrio cholerae biotype El Tor in Calcutta slums. Indian J Med Res . 1982;;76:814-819.
18 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Update: cholera outbreak—Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. MMWR . 1991;;40:225-228.
19 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Importation of cholera from Peru. MMWR . 1991;; 40:258-259.
20 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Cholera—New Jersey and Florida. MMWR . 1991;; 40:287-289.
21 +
Kaper JB.  Vibrio cholerae vaccines. Rev Infect Dis . 1989;;2( (suppl 3) ):S568-S573.
22 +
Pollitzer R.  Bacteriophage investigations.  In: Pollitzer R, ed. Cholera . Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1959;:373-396.
23 +
Huq A, Small EB, West PA, Huq MI, Rahman R, Colwell RR.  Ecological relationships between Vibrio cholerae and planktonic crustacean copepods. Appl Environ Microbiol . 1983;;45:275-283.
24 +
Deb BC, Sircar BK, Sengupta PG, et al.  Studies on interventions to prevent eltor cholera transmission in urban slums. Bull World Health Organ . 1986;;64:127-131.
25 +
Acra A, Raffoul Z, Karahagopian Y. Solar Disinfection of Drinking Water and Oral Rehydration Solutions . Beirut, Lebanon: UNICEF; 1984;.
26 +
Feachem R, Miller C, Drasar B.  Environmental aspects of cholera epidemiology, II: occurrence and survival of Vibrio cholerae in the environment. Trap Dis Bull . 1981;;78:865-880.
27 +
Johnston JM, Martin DL, Perdue J, et al.  Cholera on a Gulf Coast oil rig. N Engl J Med . 1983;;309:523-526.
28 +
Levine WC, Stephenson WT, Craun GF.  Waterborne disease outbreaks, 1986-1988. MMWR . 1990;;39( (suppl SS-1) ):1-13.
29 +
Snow J. Snow on Cholera, Being a Reprint of Two Papers . New York, NY: The Commonwealth Fund; 1936;.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Cholera—Peru, 1991. MMWR . 1991;;40:108-109.
2 +
Wachsmuth IK, Bopp CA, Fields PI.  Difference between toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 from South America and US Gulf Coast. Lancet . 1991;;337:1097-1098.
3 +
Baine WB, Zampieri A, Mazzotti M, et al.  Epidemiology of cholera in Italy in 1973. Lancet . 1974;;2:1370-1381.
4 +
Blake PA, Rosenberg ML, Costa JB, et al.  Cholera in Portugal, 1974, I: modes of transmission. Am J Epidemiol . 1977;;105:337-343.
5 +
Blake PA, Rosenberg ML, Florencia J, Costa JB, Quintino LD, Gargarosa EJ.  Cholera in Portugal, 1974, II: transmission by bottled mineral water. Am J Epidemiol . 1977;;105:344-348.
6 +
Parsonnet J.  The epidemiology of C. pylori.  In: Blaser MK, ed. Campylobacter pylori in Gastric and Peptic Ulcer Disease . New York, NY: Igaku-Shoin; 1989;:51-60.
7 +
Hornick RB, Music SI, Wenzel R, et al.  The Broad Street pump revisited: response of volunteers to ingested cholera vibrios.  In: Cahill KM, ed. Malaria, Amebiasis, Cholera, Clinical Tropical Medicine . Baltimore, Md: University Park Press; 1972;;2:225-235.
8 +
Glass RI, Holmgren J, Haley CE, et al.  Predisposition for cholera of individuals with O blood group: possible evolutionary significance. Am J Epidemiol . 1985;; 121:791-796.
9 +
Clemens JD, Van Loon F, Sack DA, et al.  Biotype as determinant of natural immunising effect of cholera. Lancet . 1991;;337:883-884.
10 +
Clemens JD, Sack DA, Harris JR, et al.  ABO blood groups and cholera: new observations on specificity of risk and modification of vaccine efficacy. J Infect Dis . 1989;;159:770-773.
11 +
Lowry PW, Pavia AT, McFarland LM, et al.  Cholera in Louisiana: widening spectrum of seafood vehicles. Arch Intern Med . 1989;;149:2079-2084.
12 +
McIntyre RC, Tira T, Flood T, Blake PA.  Modes of transmission of cholera in a newly infected population on an atoll: implications for control measures. Lancet . 1979;;1:311-314.
13 +
Blake PA, Allegra DT, Snyder JD, et al.  Cholera—a possible endemic focus in the United States. N Engl J Med . 1980;;302:305-309.
14 +
Tauxe RV, Holmberg SD, Dodin A, Wells JG, Blake PA.  Epidemic cholera in Mali: high mortality and multiple routes of transmission in a famine area. Epidemiol Infect . 1988;;100:279-289.
15 +
St Louis ME, Porter JD, Helal A, et al.  Epidemic cholera in West Africa: the role of food handling and high-risk foods. Am J Epidemiol . 1990;;131:719-727.
16 +
Goh KT, Lam S, Kumarapathy S, Tan JL.  A common source of foodborne outbreak of cholera in Singapore. Int J Epidemiol . 1984;;13:210-215.
17 +
Deb BC, Sircar BK, Sengupta PG, et al.  Intra-familial transmission of Vibrio cholerae biotype El Tor in Calcutta slums. Indian J Med Res . 1982;;76:814-819.
18 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Update: cholera outbreak—Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. MMWR . 1991;;40:225-228.
19 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Importation of cholera from Peru. MMWR . 1991;; 40:258-259.
20 +
Centers for Disease Control.  Cholera—New Jersey and Florida. MMWR . 1991;; 40:287-289.
21 +
Kaper JB.  Vibrio cholerae vaccines. Rev Infect Dis . 1989;;2( (suppl 3) ):S568-S573.
22 +
Pollitzer R.  Bacteriophage investigations.  In: Pollitzer R, ed. Cholera . Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1959;:373-396.
23 +
Huq A, Small EB, West PA, Huq MI, Rahman R, Colwell RR.  Ecological relationships between Vibrio cholerae and planktonic crustacean copepods. Appl Environ Microbiol . 1983;;45:275-283.
24 +
Deb BC, Sircar BK, Sengupta PG, et al.  Studies on interventions to prevent eltor cholera transmission in urban slums. Bull World Health Organ . 1986;;64:127-131.
25 +
Acra A, Raffoul Z, Karahagopian Y. Solar Disinfection of Drinking Water and Oral Rehydration Solutions . Beirut, Lebanon: UNICEF; 1984;.
26 +
Feachem R, Miller C, Drasar B.  Environmental aspects of cholera epidemiology, II: occurrence and survival of Vibrio cholerae in the environment. Trap Dis Bull . 1981;;78:865-880.
27 +
Johnston JM, Martin DL, Perdue J, et al.  Cholera on a Gulf Coast oil rig. N Engl J Med . 1983;;309:523-526.
28 +
Levine WC, Stephenson WT, Craun GF.  Waterborne disease outbreaks, 1986-1988. MMWR . 1990;;39( (suppl SS-1) ):1-13.
29 +
Snow J. Snow on Cholera, Being a Reprint of Two Papers . New York, NY: The Commonwealth Fund; 1936;.

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