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March 6, 1991, Vol 265, No. 9 >
ARTICLE | March 6, 1991

Medical Diagnostic Ultrasound Instrumentation and Clinical Interpretation: Title and subTitle BreakReport of the Ultrasonography Task Force FREE

[+] Author Affiliations

This report was presented to the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association on June 24,1990, as an informational report of the Council on Scientific Affairs.

This report is not intended to be construed or to serve as a standard of medical care. Standards of medical care are determined on the basis of all of the facts and circumstances involved in an individual case and are subject to change as scientific knowledge and technology advance and patterns of practice evolve. This report reflects the scientific literature as of March 1990.

Reprint requests to Council on Scientific Affairs, Group on Science and Technology, American Medical Association, 515 N State St, Chicago, IL 60610 (William R. Hendee, PhD).


JAMA. 1991;265(9):1155-1159. doi:10.1001/jama.1991.03460090103041
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References

Over the past 20 years, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of ultrasonography as an imaging modality. The introduction of real-time ultrasonography and Doppler units for the measurement of blood flow in the 1970s, recent advances in transducer design, signal processing, and miniaturization of electronics, along with the lack of radiation exposure, have been primarily responsible for the increased use of ultrasound. However, although ultrasonography can provide diagnostic information safely and easily, interpretation of the information requires an understanding of the physics behind ultrasound, how that physics is translated into ultrasound instrumentation, recognition of artifacts that are associated with the various types of ultrasonography, and identification of these artifacts in specific anatomic locations.

(JAMA. 1991;265:1155-1159)

REFERENCES

1 +
Merritt CRB.  Ultrasound safety: what are the issues? Radiology. 1989;;173:304-306.
2 +
DeMaria AN, Bommer W, Joye JA, Mason DT.  Cross-sectional echocardiography: physical principles, anatomic planes, limitations and pitfalls . Am J Cardiol. 1980;;46:1097-1108.
3 +
Mendelson EB, Bohm-Velez M.  Transvaginal sonography assesses early pregnancy . Diagn Imaging. 1987;;9:244-248.
4 +
Steinkampf MP.  Transvaginal sonography . J Reprod Med. 1988;;33:931-938.
5 +
Switzer DF, Nanda NC.  Doppler color flow mapping . Ultrasound Med Biol. 1985;;11:403-416.
6 +
Bommer WJ, Miller L.  Real-time two-dimensional color-flow Doppler: enhanced Doppler flow imaging in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease . Am J Cardiol. 1982;;49:944. Abstract.
7 +
Namekawa K, Kasai C, Tsukamoto M, et al.  Imaging of blood flow using autocorrelation . Ultrasound Med Biol. 1982;;8:138.
8 +
Suzuki Y, Kambara H, Kadota K, et al.  Detection of intracardiac shunt flow in atrial septal defect using a real-time two-dimensional echocardiography . Am J Cardiol. 1985;;56:347-350.
9 +
Miyatake K, Okamoto M, Kinoshita N, et al.  Clinical applications of a new type of real-time dimensional Doppler flow imaging system . Am J Cardiol. 1984;;54:857-868.
10 +
Ortiz E, Robinson PJ, Deanfielad JE, et al.  Localization of ventricular septal defects by simultaneous display of superimposed color Doppler and cross-sectional echocardiographic images . Br Heart J. 1985;;54:53-60.
11 +
Dagli SV, Nanda NC, Roitman D, et al.  Evaluation of aortic dissection by Doppler color flow mapping . Am J Cardiol. 1985;;56:497-498.
12 +
Quinlan RW.  A sonographic artifact, fetal hair, mimicking a craniocervical meningocele in pregnancy complicated by hydramnios: a report of two cases . J Reprod Med. 1984;;29:354-356.
13 +
Vick CW, Viscomi GN, Mannes E, Taylor KJ.  Pitfalls related to the urinary bladder in pelvic sonography: a review . Urol Radiol. 1983;;5: 253-259.
14 +
Kremkau FW, Taylor KJ.  Artifacts in ultrasound imaging . J Ultrasound Med. 1986;;5:227-237.
15 +
Stanley JH, Harrell B, Horger EO.  Pseudoepidural reverberation artifact: a common ultrasound artifact in fetal cranium . J Clin Ultrasound. 1986;;14:251-254.
16 +
Thickman DI, Ziskin MC, Goldenberg NJ, Linder BE.  Clinical manifestations of the comet tail artifact . J Ultrasound Med. 1983;;2:225-230.
17 +
Skwarok DJ, Goiney RC, Cooperberg PL.  Hepatic pseudotumors in patients with ascites . J Ultrasound Med. 1986;;5:5-8.
18 +
Bonhof JA, Linhart P.  A pseudolesion of the liver caused by rib cartilage in B-mode ultrasonography . J Ultrasound Med. 1985;;4:135-137.
19 +
Laing FC, Kurtz AB.  The importance of ultrasonic side-lobe artifacts . Radiology. 1982;;145: 763-768.
20 +
Melton HE Jr, Skorton DJ.  Rational gain compensation for attention in cardiac ultrasonography . Ultrason Imaging. 1983;;5:214-228.
21 +
Bonhof JA, Bonhof B, Linhart P.  Acoustic dispersing lenses cause artifactual discontinuities in B-mode ultrasonograms . J Ultrasound Med. 1984;; 3:5-7.
22 +
LaFollette PS Jr, Zizkin MC.  Geometric and intensity distortion in echography . Ultrasound Med Biol. 1986;;12:953-963.
23 +
Buttery B, Davison G.  The ghost artifact . J Ultrasound Med. 1984;;3:49-52.
24 +
Sauerbrei EE.  The split-image artifact in pelvic ultrasonography: the anatomy and physics . J Ultrasound Med. 1985;;4:29-34.
25 +
Burns PN.  Interpretation and analysis of Doppler signals . In: Taylor KJW, Burns PN, Wells PNT, eds. Clinical Applications of Doppler Ultrasound . New York, NY: Raven Press; 1988;:77.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Merritt CRB.  Ultrasound safety: what are the issues? Radiology. 1989;;173:304-306.
2 +
DeMaria AN, Bommer W, Joye JA, Mason DT.  Cross-sectional echocardiography: physical principles, anatomic planes, limitations and pitfalls . Am J Cardiol. 1980;;46:1097-1108.
3 +
Mendelson EB, Bohm-Velez M.  Transvaginal sonography assesses early pregnancy . Diagn Imaging. 1987;;9:244-248.
4 +
Steinkampf MP.  Transvaginal sonography . J Reprod Med. 1988;;33:931-938.
5 +
Switzer DF, Nanda NC.  Doppler color flow mapping . Ultrasound Med Biol. 1985;;11:403-416.
6 +
Bommer WJ, Miller L.  Real-time two-dimensional color-flow Doppler: enhanced Doppler flow imaging in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease . Am J Cardiol. 1982;;49:944. Abstract.
7 +
Namekawa K, Kasai C, Tsukamoto M, et al.  Imaging of blood flow using autocorrelation . Ultrasound Med Biol. 1982;;8:138.
8 +
Suzuki Y, Kambara H, Kadota K, et al.  Detection of intracardiac shunt flow in atrial septal defect using a real-time two-dimensional echocardiography . Am J Cardiol. 1985;;56:347-350.
9 +
Miyatake K, Okamoto M, Kinoshita N, et al.  Clinical applications of a new type of real-time dimensional Doppler flow imaging system . Am J Cardiol. 1984;;54:857-868.
10 +
Ortiz E, Robinson PJ, Deanfielad JE, et al.  Localization of ventricular septal defects by simultaneous display of superimposed color Doppler and cross-sectional echocardiographic images . Br Heart J. 1985;;54:53-60.
11 +
Dagli SV, Nanda NC, Roitman D, et al.  Evaluation of aortic dissection by Doppler color flow mapping . Am J Cardiol. 1985;;56:497-498.
12 +
Quinlan RW.  A sonographic artifact, fetal hair, mimicking a craniocervical meningocele in pregnancy complicated by hydramnios: a report of two cases . J Reprod Med. 1984;;29:354-356.
13 +
Vick CW, Viscomi GN, Mannes E, Taylor KJ.  Pitfalls related to the urinary bladder in pelvic sonography: a review . Urol Radiol. 1983;;5: 253-259.
14 +
Kremkau FW, Taylor KJ.  Artifacts in ultrasound imaging . J Ultrasound Med. 1986;;5:227-237.
15 +
Stanley JH, Harrell B, Horger EO.  Pseudoepidural reverberation artifact: a common ultrasound artifact in fetal cranium . J Clin Ultrasound. 1986;;14:251-254.
16 +
Thickman DI, Ziskin MC, Goldenberg NJ, Linder BE.  Clinical manifestations of the comet tail artifact . J Ultrasound Med. 1983;;2:225-230.
17 +
Skwarok DJ, Goiney RC, Cooperberg PL.  Hepatic pseudotumors in patients with ascites . J Ultrasound Med. 1986;;5:5-8.
18 +
Bonhof JA, Linhart P.  A pseudolesion of the liver caused by rib cartilage in B-mode ultrasonography . J Ultrasound Med. 1985;;4:135-137.
19 +
Laing FC, Kurtz AB.  The importance of ultrasonic side-lobe artifacts . Radiology. 1982;;145: 763-768.
20 +
Melton HE Jr, Skorton DJ.  Rational gain compensation for attention in cardiac ultrasonography . Ultrason Imaging. 1983;;5:214-228.
21 +
Bonhof JA, Bonhof B, Linhart P.  Acoustic dispersing lenses cause artifactual discontinuities in B-mode ultrasonograms . J Ultrasound Med. 1984;; 3:5-7.
22 +
LaFollette PS Jr, Zizkin MC.  Geometric and intensity distortion in echography . Ultrasound Med Biol. 1986;;12:953-963.
23 +
Buttery B, Davison G.  The ghost artifact . J Ultrasound Med. 1984;;3:49-52.
24 +
Sauerbrei EE.  The split-image artifact in pelvic ultrasonography: the anatomy and physics . J Ultrasound Med. 1985;;4:29-34.
25 +
Burns PN.  Interpretation and analysis of Doppler signals . In: Taylor KJW, Burns PN, Wells PNT, eds. Clinical Applications of Doppler Ultrasound . New York, NY: Raven Press; 1988;:77.

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