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June 19, 1991, Vol 265, No. 23 >
ARTICLE | June 19, 1991

Substance Abuse FREE

Richard J. Frances, MD
JAMA. 1991;265(23):3171-3172. doi:10.1001/jama.1991.03460230121039
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References

The addiction field is rapidly expanding. Postresidency addiction fellowships for physicians have grown to approximately 65 programs nationally, and the budgets of the National Institute of Drug Abuse and the National Institute of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse have been markedly increased.

The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology in concert with the American Psychiatric Association has expressed an intent to develop added qualifications in addiction psychiatry. Better training will lead to an increase in the number of physicians interested in addictive disorders and may help solve the significant manpower shortages that hamper the implementation and availability of treatment programs. This year's review will focus on advances in substance abuse epidemiology, risk factors and markers, and psychopharmacologic treatment approaches.

Epidemiologic studies highlight the magnitude of addiction problems and suggest possible causes of changes in rates within and across cultures. A well-designed international epidemiologic study of alcoholism by Helzer et al,1

REFERENCES

1 +
Helzer JE, Canino GJ, Yeh E-K, et al.  Alcoholism—North America and Asia: a comparison of population surveys with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule . Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990;;47:313-319.
2 +
Regier DA, Farmer ME, Rae DS, et al.  Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study . JAMA . 1990;;264:2511-2518.
3 +
Pope HG, Ionescu-Proggia M, Aizley HG, Varma DK.  Drug use and life style among college undergraduates in 1989: a comparison with 1969 and 1975 . Am J Psychiatry. 1990;;147:998-1001.
4 +
Bachman JG, Johnston LD, O'Malley PM.  Explaining the recent decline in cocaine use among young adults: further evidence that perceived risks and disapproval lead to reduced drug use . J Health Soc Behav. 1990;;31:173-184.
5 +
Nademanee K, Gorelick DA, Josephson MA, et al.  Myocardial ischemia during cocaine withdrawal . Ann Intern Med. 1989;;111:876-880.
6 +
Brook JS, Nomura C, Cohen P.  Prenatal, perinatal and early childhood risk factors and drug involvement in adolescence . Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr. 1989;;115:223-241.
7 +
Grove WM, Elke D, Ecbert LH, Bourehare IJ, Segall N, Lykker DT.  Heritability of substance abuse and antisocial behavior: a study of monozygotic twins reared apart . Biol Psychiatry . 1990;;27:1293-1304.
8 +
Blum K, Noble EP, Sheridan PJ, et al.  Allelic association of human dopamine D2 receptor gene in alcoholism . JAMA . 1990;;263:2055-2060.
9 +
Bolos AM, Dean M, Lucas-Derse S, Ramsburg M, Brown GL, Goldman D.  Population and pedigree studies reveal a lack of association between the dopamine D2 receptor gene and alcoholism . JAMA . 1990;;264:3156-3160.
10 +
Kapur A, Wild G, Milford-Ward A, Triger DR.  Carbohydrate deficient transferrin: a marker for alcohol abuse . BMJ . 1989;;299:427-431.
11 +
Frezza M, di Padova C, Pozzato G, Terpin M, Baraona E, Lieber CS.  High blood alcohol levels in women: the role of decreased gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and first-pass metabolism . N Engl J Med. 1990;;322:95-99.
12 +
Gronbladh L, Gunne L.  Methadone-assisted rehabilitation of Swedish heroin addicts . Drug Alcohol Depend. 1989;;24:31-37.
13 +
Rosen MI, Kosten RT.  Buprenorphine: beyond methadone . Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1991;;42:347-349.
14 +
Mello NK, Mendelson JH, Bree MP, Lukas SE.  Buprenorphine suppresses cocaine self-administration by rhesus monkeys . Science . 1989;;245:859-862.
15 +
Gawin FH, Kleber HD, Byck R, et al.  Desipramine facilitation of initial cocaine abstinence . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1989;;46:117-121.
16 +
Dorus W, Ostrow DG, Anton R, et al.  Lithium treatment of depressed and nondepressed alcoholics . JAMA . 1989;;262:1646-1652.
17 +
Naranjo CA, Sullivan JT, Kadlec KG, Woodley-Remus DV, Kennedy G, Sellers EM.  Differential effects of viqualine on alcohol intake and other consummatory behavior . Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1989;;46:301-309.

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Helzer JE, Canino GJ, Yeh E-K, et al.  Alcoholism—North America and Asia: a comparison of population surveys with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule . Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990;;47:313-319.
2 +
Regier DA, Farmer ME, Rae DS, et al.  Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study . JAMA . 1990;;264:2511-2518.
3 +
Pope HG, Ionescu-Proggia M, Aizley HG, Varma DK.  Drug use and life style among college undergraduates in 1989: a comparison with 1969 and 1975 . Am J Psychiatry. 1990;;147:998-1001.
4 +
Bachman JG, Johnston LD, O'Malley PM.  Explaining the recent decline in cocaine use among young adults: further evidence that perceived risks and disapproval lead to reduced drug use . J Health Soc Behav. 1990;;31:173-184.
5 +
Nademanee K, Gorelick DA, Josephson MA, et al.  Myocardial ischemia during cocaine withdrawal . Ann Intern Med. 1989;;111:876-880.
6 +
Brook JS, Nomura C, Cohen P.  Prenatal, perinatal and early childhood risk factors and drug involvement in adolescence . Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr. 1989;;115:223-241.
7 +
Grove WM, Elke D, Ecbert LH, Bourehare IJ, Segall N, Lykker DT.  Heritability of substance abuse and antisocial behavior: a study of monozygotic twins reared apart . Biol Psychiatry . 1990;;27:1293-1304.
8 +
Blum K, Noble EP, Sheridan PJ, et al.  Allelic association of human dopamine D2 receptor gene in alcoholism . JAMA . 1990;;263:2055-2060.
9 +
Bolos AM, Dean M, Lucas-Derse S, Ramsburg M, Brown GL, Goldman D.  Population and pedigree studies reveal a lack of association between the dopamine D2 receptor gene and alcoholism . JAMA . 1990;;264:3156-3160.
10 +
Kapur A, Wild G, Milford-Ward A, Triger DR.  Carbohydrate deficient transferrin: a marker for alcohol abuse . BMJ . 1989;;299:427-431.
11 +
Frezza M, di Padova C, Pozzato G, Terpin M, Baraona E, Lieber CS.  High blood alcohol levels in women: the role of decreased gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and first-pass metabolism . N Engl J Med. 1990;;322:95-99.
12 +
Gronbladh L, Gunne L.  Methadone-assisted rehabilitation of Swedish heroin addicts . Drug Alcohol Depend. 1989;;24:31-37.
13 +
Rosen MI, Kosten RT.  Buprenorphine: beyond methadone . Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1991;;42:347-349.
14 +
Mello NK, Mendelson JH, Bree MP, Lukas SE.  Buprenorphine suppresses cocaine self-administration by rhesus monkeys . Science . 1989;;245:859-862.
15 +
Gawin FH, Kleber HD, Byck R, et al.  Desipramine facilitation of initial cocaine abstinence . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1989;;46:117-121.
16 +
Dorus W, Ostrow DG, Anton R, et al.  Lithium treatment of depressed and nondepressed alcoholics . JAMA . 1989;;262:1646-1652.
17 +
Naranjo CA, Sullivan JT, Kadlec KG, Woodley-Remus DV, Kennedy G, Sellers EM.  Differential effects of viqualine on alcohol intake and other consummatory behavior . Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1989;;46:301-309.

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