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May 8, 1991, Vol 265, No. 18 >
Topics in Radiology/Council Report | May 8, 1991

Doppler Sonographic Imaging of the Vascular System: Title and subTitle BreakReport of the Ultrasonography Task Force

[+] Author Affiliations

This report was submitted at the Annual 1990 House of Delegates meeting of the American Medical Association as an informational report of the Council on Scientific Affairs.

This report is not intended to be construed or to serve as a standard of medical care. Standards of medical care are determined on the basis of all the facts and circumstances involved in an individual case and are subject to change as scientific knowledge and technology advance and patterns of practice evolve. This report reflects the views of scientific literature as of March 1990.

Reprint requests to the Group on Science and Technology, Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association, 515 N State St, Chicago IL 60610 (William R. Hendee, PhD).


From the Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association, Chicago, Ill.


JAMA. 1991;265(18):2382-2387. doi:10.1001/jama.1991.03460180088039
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Article
References

Ultrasonic vascular imaging has been used for more than 20 years to define vascular anatomy, pathologic changes in vessel size, and perivascular abnormalities. In the last decade, development of duplex Doppler technology has permitted the evaluation of both anatomic vascular features and physiologic blood flow parameters in a variety of locations. Doppler "color flow" imaging promises to expand these applications. In many instances, duplex Doppler technology has replaced more invasive angiographic procedures for evaluation of suspected vascular abnormalities. Improved ultrasound duplex technology, combined with the relatively inexpensive, rapid, noninvasive aspects of ultrasonography has made it a valuable screening examination for suspected flow abnormalities.

(JAMA. 1991;265:2382-2387)

REFERENCES

1 +
Carroll BA, von Ramm OT.  Fundamentals of current Doppler technology . Ultrasound Q. 1988;;6:275-298.
2 +
Dreisbach JN, Seibert CE, Smazal SF, Starvos AT, Daigle RJ.  Duplex sonography in the evaluation of carotid artery disease . AJNR. 1983;;4:678-680.
3 +
Garth KE, Carroll BA, Sommer FG, Oppenheimer DA.  Duplex ultrasound scanning of the carotid arteries with velocity spectrum analysis . Radiology. 1983;;147:823-827.
4 +
Bluth El, Stavros AT, Marich KW, Wetzner SM, Aufrichtig D, Baker JD.  Carotid duplex sonography: a multicenter recommendation for standardized imaging and Doppler criteria . Radiographics . 1988;;8:487-506.
5 +
Friedman SG, Hainline B, Feinberg AW, Lesser ML, Napolitano BA.  Use of diastolic velocity ratios to predict significant carotid artery stenosis . Stroke . 1988;;19:910-912.
6 +
Robinson ML, Sacks D, Perlmutter GS, Marinelli DL.  Diagnostic criteria for carotid duplex sonography . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;;151:1045-1049.
7 +
Jacobs NM, Grant EG, Schellinger D, Byrd MC, Richardson JD, Cohan SL.  Duplex carotid sonography: criteria for stenosis, accuracy, and pitfalls . Radiology . 1985;;154:385-391.
8 +
Avasthi PS, Greene ER, Voyles WF, Eldridge MW.  A comparison of echo-Doppler and electromagnetic renal blood flow measurements . J Ultrasound Med. 1984;;3:213-218.
9 +
Middleton WD, Foley WD, Lawson TL.  Flow reversal in the normal carotid bifurcation . Radiology . 1988;;167:207-210.
10 +
Erickson SJ, Mewissen MW, Foley WD, Lawson TL, Middleton WD, Quiroz FA.  Stenosis of the internal carotid artery . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989;;152:1299-1305.
11 +
Steinke W, Kloetzch C, Hennerici M.  Carotid disease assessed by color Doppler flow imaging . AJNR . 1990;;11:259-266.
12 +
Bluth EI, Kay D, Merritt CRB, et al.  Sonographic characterization of carotid plaque: detection of hemorrhage . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1986;; 146:1061-1065.
13 +
Johnson JM, Ansel AL, Morgan S, DeCesare D.  Ultrasonographic screening for evaluation and follow-up of carotid artery ulceration: a new basis for assessing risk . Am J Surg. 1982;;144:614-619.
14 +
O'Leary DH, Holen J, Ricotta JJ, Roe S, Schenk EA.  Carotid bifurcation disease . Radiology . 1987;;162:523-525.
15 +
Brown PB, Zwiebel WJ, Call GK.  Degree of cervical carotid artery stenosis and hemispheric stroke: duplex US findings . Radiology . 1989;;170:541-543.
16 +
Carroll BA.  Duplex sonography in patients with hemispheric symptoms . J Ultrasound Med. 1989;;8:535-540.
17 +
Davis PC, Nilsen B, Braun IF, Hoffman JC.  A prospective comparison of duplex sonography vs angiography of the vertebral arteries . AJNR . 1986;;7:1059-1064.
18 +
Visona A, Lusiani L, Castellani V, Ronsisvalle G, Bonanome A, Pagnan A.  The echo-Doppler (duplex) system for the detection of vertebral artery occlusive disease: comparison with angiography . J Ultrasound Med. 1986;;5:247-250.
19 +
Mitchell DG, Merton D, Desai H, et al.  Neonatal brain: color Doppler imaging, II: altered flow patterns from extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation . Radiology . 1988;;167:307-310.
20 +
Grant EG, White EM, Schellinger D, Choyke PL, Sarcone AL.  Cranial duplex sonography of the infant . Radiology . 1987;;163:177-185.
21 +
Aaslid R, Huber P, Nornes H.  Evaluation of cerebrovascular spasm with transcranial Doppler ultrasound . J Neurosurg. 1984;;60:37-41.
22 +
deBray JM, Joseph PA, Jeanvoine H, Mangin D, Dauzat M, Plassard F.  Transcranial Doppler evaluation of middle cerebral artery stenosis . J Ultrasound Med. 1988;;7:611-616.
23 +
Moneta GL, Strandness GL.  Peripheral arterial duplex scanning . JCU . 1987;;15:645-651.
24 +
Brewster DC.  Femoropopliteal graft failures . Arch Surg. 1983;;118:1043-1047.
25 +
Rosner NH, Doris PE.  Persistent plaque following successful angioplasty . J Ultrasound Med. 1986;;5:107-109.
26 +
Abu-Yousef MM, Wiese JA, Shaumma AR.  The to-and-fro' sign: duplex Doppler evidence of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;;150:632-634.
27 +
Mitchell DG, Needleman L, Bezzi M, et al.  Femoral artery pseudoaneurysm . Radiology . 1987;;165:687-690.
28 +
Roubidaux MA, Hertzbert BS, Carroll BA, Hedgepeth CA.  Color flow and image directed Doppler ultrasound evaluation of iatrogenic arteriovenous fistulas in the groin . JCU . 1990;;18: 463-469.
29 +
Middleton WD, Picus DD, Marx MV, Melson GL.  Color Doppler sonography of hemodialysis vascular access: comparison with angiography . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989;;152:633-639.
30 +
Quam JP, King BF, James EM, et al.  Duplex and color Doppler sonographic evaluation of vasculogenic impotence . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989;;153:1141-1147.
31 +
Schwartz AN, Wang KY, Mack LA, et al.  Evaluation of normal erectile function with color Doppler sonography . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;;153:1155-1160.
32 +
Burks DD, Markey BJ, Burkhard TK, Balsara ZN, Haluska MM, Canning DA.  Suspected testicular torsion and ischemia: evaluation with color Doppler sonography . Radiology . 1990;;175:815-821.
33 +
Lerner RM, Mevorach RA, Hulbert WC, Rabinowitz R.  Color Doppler US in the evaluation of acute scrotal disease . Radiology . 1990;;176:355-358.
34 +
Vogel P, Laing FC, Jeffrey RB, Wing VW.  Deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity: US evaluation . Radiology . 1987;;163:747-751.
35 +
Cronan JJ, Dorfman GA, Grusmark J.  Lowerextremity deep venous thrombosis: further experience with and refinements of US assessment . Radiology . 1988;;168:101-107.
36 +
Rosner NH, Doris PE.  Diagnosis of femoropopliteal venous thrombosis: comparison of duplex sonography and plethysmography . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;;150:623-627.
37 +
Foley WD, Middleton WD, Lawson TL, et al.  Color Doppler ultrasound imaging of lower-extremity venous disease . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989;;152:371-376.
38 +
Knudson GJ, Wiedmeyer DA, Erickson SJ, et al.  Color Doppler sonographic imaging in the assessment of upper extremity deep venous thrombosis . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990;;154:399-403.
39 +
Shuman WP, Hastrup W Jr, Kohler TR, et al.  Suspected leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm: use of sonography in the emergency room . Radiology . 1988;;168:117-119.
40 +
Kotval PS, Babu SC, Fakhy J, Cozzi A, Barakat K.  Role of the intimal flap in arterial dissection: sonographic demonstration . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;;150:1181-1182.
41 +
Greene ER, Avasthi PS, Hodges JW.  Noninvasive Doppler assessment of renal artery stenosis and hemodynamics . JCU . 1987;;15:653-659.
42 +
Taylor DC, Kettler MD, Moneta GL, et al.  Duplex ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis: a prospective evaluation . J Vasc Surg. 1988;;7:363-359.
43 +
Berland LL, Koslin DB, Routh WD, Keller FS.  Renal artery stenosis: prospective evaluation of diagnosis with color duplex US compared with angiography . Radiology . 1990;;174:421-423.
44 +
Pasto ME, Kurtz AB, Jarrell BE, et al.  The Kimray-Greenfield filter: evaluation by duplex real-time/pulsed Doppler ultrasound . Radiology . 1983;;148:223-226.
45 +
Didier D, Racle A, Etievent JP, Weill F.  Tumor thrombus of the inferior vena cava secondary to malignant abdominal neoplasms: US and CT evaluation . Radiology . 1987;;162:83-89.
46 +
Rosenfield AT, Zeman RK, Cronan JJ, Taylor KJ.  Ultrasound in experimental and clinical renal vein thrombosis . Radiology . 1980;;137:735-741.
47 +
Becker CD, Cooperberg PL.  Sonography of the hepatic vascular system . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;;150:999-1005.
48 +
Patriquin H, Lafortune M, Burns PN, Dauzat M.  Duplex Doppler examination in portal hypertension: technique and anatomy . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;;149:71-76.
49 +
Nelson RC, Lovett KE, Chezmar JL, et al.  Comparison of pulsed Doppler sonography and angiography in patients with portal hypertension . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;;149:77-81.
50 +
Lafortune M, Patriquin H, Pomier G, et al.  Hemodynamic changes in portal circulation after portosystemic shunts: use of duplex sonography in 43 patients . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;;149:701-706.
51 +
Grant EG, Tessler Fin, Gones AS, et al.  Color Doppler imaging of portosystemic shunts . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990;;154:393-397.
52 +
Freling NJM, Schuur KH, Haagsma EB, v d Meer J.  Ultrasound as the first imaging modality in superior mesenteric and portal vein thrombosis . JCU . 1986;;14:554-560.
53 +
Zirinsky K, Markisz JA, Rubenstein WA, et al.  MR imaging of portal venous thrombosis . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;;150:283-288.
54 +
Grant EG, Perrella R, Tessler FN, Lors J, Busuttil RW.  Budd-Chiari syndrome . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989;;152:377-381.
55 +
Chezmar JL, Bernardino ME.  Mesoatrial shunt for the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome: radiologic evaluation in eight patients . AJR Am J Roentgenol . 1987;;149:707-710.
56 +
Dalen K, Day DL, Ascher NL.  Imaging of vascular complications after hepatic transplantation . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;;150:1285-1290.
57 +
Hall TR, Diarmid SV, Grant EG, Boechat MI, Busuttil RW.  False-negative duplex Doppler studies in children with hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990;; 154:573-575.
58 +
Taylor KJW, Morse SS, Rigsby CM, Bia M, Schiff M.  Vascular complications in renal allografts . Radiology . 1987;;162:31-38.
59 +
Allen KS, Jorkasky DK, Arger PH, et al.  Renal allografts . Radiology . 1988;;169:371-376.
60 +
Warshauer DM, Taylor KJW, Bia MJ, et al.  Unusual causes of increased vascular impedance in renal transplants: duplex Doppler evaluation . Radiology . 1988;;169:367-370.
61 +
Genkins SM, Sanfilippo FP, Carroll BA.  Duplex Doppler sonography of renal transplants . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989;;152:535-539.
62 +
Sigel B, Coelho JCU, Flanigan DP, Schuler JJ, Spigos DG, Machi J.  Comparison of B-mode realtime ultrasound scanning with arteriography in detecting vascular defects during surgery . Radiology. 1982;;145:777-780.
63 +
Taylor KJW, Ramos I, Carter D, Morse SS, Snower D, Fortune K.  Correlation of Doppler US tumor signals with neovascular morphologic features . Radiology . 1988;;166:57-62.
64 +
Kuijpers D, Jaspers R.  Renal masses . Radiology . 1989;;170:59-60.
65 +
Schoenberger SG, Southerland CM, Robinson AE.  Breast neoplasms . Radiology . 1988;;168:665-668.
66 +
Trudinger BJ, Cook CM, Collins L.  Fetal umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms and placental resistance: clinical significance . Br J Obstet Gynaecol . 1985;;92:23-30.
67 +
Nimrod C, Davies D, Harder J, et al.  Doppler ultrasound prediction of fetal outcome in twin pregnancies . Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987;;156:402-406.
68 +
Pretorius DH, Manchester D, Barkin S, Parker S, Nelson TR.  Doppler ultrasound of twin transfusion syndrome . J Ultrasound Med. 1988;;7:117-124.
69 +
Gill RW, Kossoff G, Warren PS, Garrett WJ.  Umbilical venous flow in normal and complicated pregnancy . Ultrasound Med Biol. 1984;;10:349-363.
70 +
Woo JSK, Liang ST, Lo RLS.  Significance of an absent or reversed end diastolic flow in Doppler umbilical artery waveforms . J Ultrasound Med. 1987;;6:291-297.
71 +
Mulders LGM, Jongsma HW, Wijn PFF, Hein PR.  The uterine artery blood flow velocity waveform: reproducibility and results in normal pregnancy . Early Hum Dev. 1988;;17:55-70.
72 +
Benson CB, Doubilet PM.  Doppler criteria for intrauterine growth retardation: predictive values . J Ultrasound Med. 1988;;7:655-659.
73 +
Vladimiroff JW, Tonge HM, Stewart PA.  Doppler ultrasound assessment of cerebral blood flow in the human fetus . Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1986;;93:471-476.
74 +
Arduini D, Rizzo G, Romanini C, Mancuso S.  Hemodynamic changes in growth retarded fetuses during maternal oxygen administration as predictors of fetal outcome . J Ultrasound Med. 1989;;8:193-196.
75 +
Mires G, Dempster J, Patel NB, Crawford JW.  The effect of fetal heart rate on umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms . Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1987;;94:665-669.
76 +
Kay HH, Carroll BA, Bowie JD, Killam AP, Hertzberg BS.  Non-uniformity of fetal umbilical systolic/diastolic ratios as determined with duplex Doppler sonography . J Ultrasound Med. 1989;;8:417-420.
77 +
Chambers SE, Johnstone FD, Muir BB, Hoskin P, Haddad NG, McDicken WN.  The effects of placental site on the arcuate artery flow velocity waveform . J Ultrasound Med. 1988;;7:671-673.
78 +
Taylor KJW, Schwartz PE, Kohorn EI.  Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: diagnosis with Doppler US . Radiology. 1987;;165:445-448.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Carroll BA, von Ramm OT.  Fundamentals of current Doppler technology . Ultrasound Q. 1988;;6:275-298.
2 +
Dreisbach JN, Seibert CE, Smazal SF, Starvos AT, Daigle RJ.  Duplex sonography in the evaluation of carotid artery disease . AJNR. 1983;;4:678-680.
3 +
Garth KE, Carroll BA, Sommer FG, Oppenheimer DA.  Duplex ultrasound scanning of the carotid arteries with velocity spectrum analysis . Radiology. 1983;;147:823-827.
4 +
Bluth El, Stavros AT, Marich KW, Wetzner SM, Aufrichtig D, Baker JD.  Carotid duplex sonography: a multicenter recommendation for standardized imaging and Doppler criteria . Radiographics . 1988;;8:487-506.
5 +
Friedman SG, Hainline B, Feinberg AW, Lesser ML, Napolitano BA.  Use of diastolic velocity ratios to predict significant carotid artery stenosis . Stroke . 1988;;19:910-912.
6 +
Robinson ML, Sacks D, Perlmutter GS, Marinelli DL.  Diagnostic criteria for carotid duplex sonography . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;;151:1045-1049.
7 +
Jacobs NM, Grant EG, Schellinger D, Byrd MC, Richardson JD, Cohan SL.  Duplex carotid sonography: criteria for stenosis, accuracy, and pitfalls . Radiology . 1985;;154:385-391.
8 +
Avasthi PS, Greene ER, Voyles WF, Eldridge MW.  A comparison of echo-Doppler and electromagnetic renal blood flow measurements . J Ultrasound Med. 1984;;3:213-218.
9 +
Middleton WD, Foley WD, Lawson TL.  Flow reversal in the normal carotid bifurcation . Radiology . 1988;;167:207-210.
10 +
Erickson SJ, Mewissen MW, Foley WD, Lawson TL, Middleton WD, Quiroz FA.  Stenosis of the internal carotid artery . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989;;152:1299-1305.
11 +
Steinke W, Kloetzch C, Hennerici M.  Carotid disease assessed by color Doppler flow imaging . AJNR . 1990;;11:259-266.
12 +
Bluth EI, Kay D, Merritt CRB, et al.  Sonographic characterization of carotid plaque: detection of hemorrhage . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1986;; 146:1061-1065.
13 +
Johnson JM, Ansel AL, Morgan S, DeCesare D.  Ultrasonographic screening for evaluation and follow-up of carotid artery ulceration: a new basis for assessing risk . Am J Surg. 1982;;144:614-619.
14 +
O'Leary DH, Holen J, Ricotta JJ, Roe S, Schenk EA.  Carotid bifurcation disease . Radiology . 1987;;162:523-525.
15 +
Brown PB, Zwiebel WJ, Call GK.  Degree of cervical carotid artery stenosis and hemispheric stroke: duplex US findings . Radiology . 1989;;170:541-543.
16 +
Carroll BA.  Duplex sonography in patients with hemispheric symptoms . J Ultrasound Med. 1989;;8:535-540.
17 +
Davis PC, Nilsen B, Braun IF, Hoffman JC.  A prospective comparison of duplex sonography vs angiography of the vertebral arteries . AJNR . 1986;;7:1059-1064.
18 +
Visona A, Lusiani L, Castellani V, Ronsisvalle G, Bonanome A, Pagnan A.  The echo-Doppler (duplex) system for the detection of vertebral artery occlusive disease: comparison with angiography . J Ultrasound Med. 1986;;5:247-250.
19 +
Mitchell DG, Merton D, Desai H, et al.  Neonatal brain: color Doppler imaging, II: altered flow patterns from extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation . Radiology . 1988;;167:307-310.
20 +
Grant EG, White EM, Schellinger D, Choyke PL, Sarcone AL.  Cranial duplex sonography of the infant . Radiology . 1987;;163:177-185.
21 +
Aaslid R, Huber P, Nornes H.  Evaluation of cerebrovascular spasm with transcranial Doppler ultrasound . J Neurosurg. 1984;;60:37-41.
22 +
deBray JM, Joseph PA, Jeanvoine H, Mangin D, Dauzat M, Plassard F.  Transcranial Doppler evaluation of middle cerebral artery stenosis . J Ultrasound Med. 1988;;7:611-616.
23 +
Moneta GL, Strandness GL.  Peripheral arterial duplex scanning . JCU . 1987;;15:645-651.
24 +
Brewster DC.  Femoropopliteal graft failures . Arch Surg. 1983;;118:1043-1047.
25 +
Rosner NH, Doris PE.  Persistent plaque following successful angioplasty . J Ultrasound Med. 1986;;5:107-109.
26 +
Abu-Yousef MM, Wiese JA, Shaumma AR.  The to-and-fro' sign: duplex Doppler evidence of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;;150:632-634.
27 +
Mitchell DG, Needleman L, Bezzi M, et al.  Femoral artery pseudoaneurysm . Radiology . 1987;;165:687-690.
28 +
Roubidaux MA, Hertzbert BS, Carroll BA, Hedgepeth CA.  Color flow and image directed Doppler ultrasound evaluation of iatrogenic arteriovenous fistulas in the groin . JCU . 1990;;18: 463-469.
29 +
Middleton WD, Picus DD, Marx MV, Melson GL.  Color Doppler sonography of hemodialysis vascular access: comparison with angiography . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989;;152:633-639.
30 +
Quam JP, King BF, James EM, et al.  Duplex and color Doppler sonographic evaluation of vasculogenic impotence . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989;;153:1141-1147.
31 +
Schwartz AN, Wang KY, Mack LA, et al.  Evaluation of normal erectile function with color Doppler sonography . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;;153:1155-1160.
32 +
Burks DD, Markey BJ, Burkhard TK, Balsara ZN, Haluska MM, Canning DA.  Suspected testicular torsion and ischemia: evaluation with color Doppler sonography . Radiology . 1990;;175:815-821.
33 +
Lerner RM, Mevorach RA, Hulbert WC, Rabinowitz R.  Color Doppler US in the evaluation of acute scrotal disease . Radiology . 1990;;176:355-358.
34 +
Vogel P, Laing FC, Jeffrey RB, Wing VW.  Deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity: US evaluation . Radiology . 1987;;163:747-751.
35 +
Cronan JJ, Dorfman GA, Grusmark J.  Lowerextremity deep venous thrombosis: further experience with and refinements of US assessment . Radiology . 1988;;168:101-107.
36 +
Rosner NH, Doris PE.  Diagnosis of femoropopliteal venous thrombosis: comparison of duplex sonography and plethysmography . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;;150:623-627.
37 +
Foley WD, Middleton WD, Lawson TL, et al.  Color Doppler ultrasound imaging of lower-extremity venous disease . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989;;152:371-376.
38 +
Knudson GJ, Wiedmeyer DA, Erickson SJ, et al.  Color Doppler sonographic imaging in the assessment of upper extremity deep venous thrombosis . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990;;154:399-403.
39 +
Shuman WP, Hastrup W Jr, Kohler TR, et al.  Suspected leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm: use of sonography in the emergency room . Radiology . 1988;;168:117-119.
40 +
Kotval PS, Babu SC, Fakhy J, Cozzi A, Barakat K.  Role of the intimal flap in arterial dissection: sonographic demonstration . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;;150:1181-1182.
41 +
Greene ER, Avasthi PS, Hodges JW.  Noninvasive Doppler assessment of renal artery stenosis and hemodynamics . JCU . 1987;;15:653-659.
42 +
Taylor DC, Kettler MD, Moneta GL, et al.  Duplex ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis: a prospective evaluation . J Vasc Surg. 1988;;7:363-359.
43 +
Berland LL, Koslin DB, Routh WD, Keller FS.  Renal artery stenosis: prospective evaluation of diagnosis with color duplex US compared with angiography . Radiology . 1990;;174:421-423.
44 +
Pasto ME, Kurtz AB, Jarrell BE, et al.  The Kimray-Greenfield filter: evaluation by duplex real-time/pulsed Doppler ultrasound . Radiology . 1983;;148:223-226.
45 +
Didier D, Racle A, Etievent JP, Weill F.  Tumor thrombus of the inferior vena cava secondary to malignant abdominal neoplasms: US and CT evaluation . Radiology . 1987;;162:83-89.
46 +
Rosenfield AT, Zeman RK, Cronan JJ, Taylor KJ.  Ultrasound in experimental and clinical renal vein thrombosis . Radiology . 1980;;137:735-741.
47 +
Becker CD, Cooperberg PL.  Sonography of the hepatic vascular system . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;;150:999-1005.
48 +
Patriquin H, Lafortune M, Burns PN, Dauzat M.  Duplex Doppler examination in portal hypertension: technique and anatomy . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;;149:71-76.
49 +
Nelson RC, Lovett KE, Chezmar JL, et al.  Comparison of pulsed Doppler sonography and angiography in patients with portal hypertension . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;;149:77-81.
50 +
Lafortune M, Patriquin H, Pomier G, et al.  Hemodynamic changes in portal circulation after portosystemic shunts: use of duplex sonography in 43 patients . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;;149:701-706.
51 +
Grant EG, Tessler Fin, Gones AS, et al.  Color Doppler imaging of portosystemic shunts . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990;;154:393-397.
52 +
Freling NJM, Schuur KH, Haagsma EB, v d Meer J.  Ultrasound as the first imaging modality in superior mesenteric and portal vein thrombosis . JCU . 1986;;14:554-560.
53 +
Zirinsky K, Markisz JA, Rubenstein WA, et al.  MR imaging of portal venous thrombosis . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;;150:283-288.
54 +
Grant EG, Perrella R, Tessler FN, Lors J, Busuttil RW.  Budd-Chiari syndrome . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989;;152:377-381.
55 +
Chezmar JL, Bernardino ME.  Mesoatrial shunt for the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome: radiologic evaluation in eight patients . AJR Am J Roentgenol . 1987;;149:707-710.
56 +
Dalen K, Day DL, Ascher NL.  Imaging of vascular complications after hepatic transplantation . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;;150:1285-1290.
57 +
Hall TR, Diarmid SV, Grant EG, Boechat MI, Busuttil RW.  False-negative duplex Doppler studies in children with hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990;; 154:573-575.
58 +
Taylor KJW, Morse SS, Rigsby CM, Bia M, Schiff M.  Vascular complications in renal allografts . Radiology . 1987;;162:31-38.
59 +
Allen KS, Jorkasky DK, Arger PH, et al.  Renal allografts . Radiology . 1988;;169:371-376.
60 +
Warshauer DM, Taylor KJW, Bia MJ, et al.  Unusual causes of increased vascular impedance in renal transplants: duplex Doppler evaluation . Radiology . 1988;;169:367-370.
61 +
Genkins SM, Sanfilippo FP, Carroll BA.  Duplex Doppler sonography of renal transplants . AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989;;152:535-539.
62 +
Sigel B, Coelho JCU, Flanigan DP, Schuler JJ, Spigos DG, Machi J.  Comparison of B-mode realtime ultrasound scanning with arteriography in detecting vascular defects during surgery . Radiology. 1982;;145:777-780.
63 +
Taylor KJW, Ramos I, Carter D, Morse SS, Snower D, Fortune K.  Correlation of Doppler US tumor signals with neovascular morphologic features . Radiology . 1988;;166:57-62.
64 +
Kuijpers D, Jaspers R.  Renal masses . Radiology . 1989;;170:59-60.
65 +
Schoenberger SG, Southerland CM, Robinson AE.  Breast neoplasms . Radiology . 1988;;168:665-668.
66 +
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To understand the clinical management of acute heart failure syndromes.
Accreditation Information The American Medical Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The AMA designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM per course. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
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Indicate what changes(s) you will implement in your practice, if any, based on this CME course.
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Citing articles are presented as examples only. In non-demo SCM6 implementation, integration with CrossRef’s “Cited By” API will populate this tab (http://www.crossref.org/citedby.html).
Compression-Only CPR: Pushing the Science Forward
Cone
AAM 2010;304:1493-1495.
All you need to read in the other general journals
BMJ 2010;341:c5893-c1494.
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