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April 10, 1991, Vol 265, No. 14 >
ARTICLE | April 10, 1991

The Hypocholesterolemic Effects of β-Glucan in Oatmeal and Oat Bran: Title and subTitle BreakA Dose-Controlled Study FREE

Michael H. Davidson, MD; Lynn D. Dugan, MS, RD; Julie H. Burns, MS, RD; Judith Bova, M(ASCP); Kenneth Story; Kathleen B. Drennan
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Chicago Center for Clinical Research, 800 S Wells, Suite M-25, Chicago, IL 60607 (Dr Davidson).


JAMA. 1991;265(14):1833-1839. doi:10.1001/jama.1991.03460140061027
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References

Oat cereals rich in the water-soluble fiber β-glucan have been studied as a dietary therapy for hypercholesterolemia. To determine the hypocholesterolemic response of β-glucan in the diet, 156 adults with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels above 4.14 mmol/L (160 mg/dL) or between 3.37 and 4.14 mmol/L (130 and 160 mg/dL) with multiple risk factors were randomized to one of seven groups. Six groups received either oatmeal or oat bran at doses (dry weight) of 28 g (1 oz), 56 g (2 oz), and 84 g (3 oz). A seventh group received 28 g of farina (β-glucan control). At week 6 of treatment, significant differences were found for both total cholesterol and LDL-C levels among the farina control and the treatment groups who were receiving 84 g of oatmeal, 56 g of oat bran, and 84 g of oat bran, with decreases in LDL-C levels of 10.1%, 15.9%, and 11.5%, respectively. Fifty-six grams of oat bran resulted in significantly greater reductions in LDL-C levels than 56 g of oatmeal. Nutrient analysis shows no difference in dietary fat content between these treatment groups; therefore, the higher β-glucan content of oat bran most likely explains the significantly greater LDL-C reductions. A dose-dependent reduction in LDL-C levels with oat cereals supports the independent hypocholesterolemic effects of β-glucan.

(JAMA. 1991;265:1833-1839)

REFERENCES

1 +
Sempos C, Fulwood R, Haines C, et al.  The prevalence of high blood cholesterol levels among adults in the United States . JAMA . 1989;;262:45-52.
2 +
 National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults . Arch Intern Med. 1988;;148:36-39.
3 +
Anderson JW, Story L, Seiling B, Chen WJL, Petro MS, Story J.  Hypocholesterolemic effects of oat bran or bean intake on hypercholesterolemic men . Am J Clin Nutr. 1984;;40:1146-1155.
4 +
Kirby RW, Anderson JW, Sieling B, et al.  Oat bran intake selectively lowers serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations of hypercholesterolemic men . Am J Clin Nutr. 1981;;34: 824-829.
5 +
Van Horn L, Liu K, Parker D, Emidy L, Liao Y, Pan WH.  Serum lipid response to oat product intake with a fat-modified diet . J Am Diet Assoc. 1986;;86:759-764.
6 +
Swain JF, Rouse IL, Curley CB, Saks FM.  Comparison of the effects of oat bran and low-fiber wheat on serum lipoprotein levels and blood pressure . N Engl J Med. 1990;;322:147-152.
7 +
Fadel JG, Newman RK, Newman CW, Barnes AE.  Hypocholesterolemic effects of beta-glucans in different barley diets fed to broiler chicks . Nutr Rep Int. 1987;;35:1049-1058.
8 +
Shinnick FL, Ink SL, Marlett JA.  Dose response to a dietary oat bran fraction in the cholesterol-fed rat . J Nutr. 1990;;120:561-586.
9 +
Remmell P, Gorder D, Hall Y, Tillotson JL.  Assessing dietary adherence in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) . J Am Diet Assoc. 1980;;76:351.
10 +
Marston R, Raper N.  Nutrient content for US food supply . Nat Food Rev. 1987;;36:18-23.
11 +
Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS.  Estimation of LDL-cholesterol in plasma without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge . Clin Chem. 1972;;18:499.
12 +
SAS Institute Inc.SAS User's Guide: Statistics . 5th ed. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; 1985;.
13 +
Searle SR, Speed FM, Milliken GA.  Populations marginal means in the linear model: an alternative to least-squares means . Am Statistician . 1980;;34:216-221.
14 +
Anderson JW, Zettwoch RN, Feldman T, Tietyen-Clark J, Oeltgen P, Bishop CW.  Cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid for hypercholesterolemic men . Arch Intern Med. 1988;;148:292-296.
15 +
Bell LP, Hectorne K, Reynolds H, Balm TK, Hunninghake DB.  Cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid . JAMA . 1989;; 261:3419-3423.
16 +
Keenan JM, Wenz JB, Huang Z, Myers SR.  A randomized controlled trial of oat bran cereal for hypercholesterolemia . Circulation . 1990;;82:1889. Abstract.
17 +
Anderson JW.  Physiologic and metabolic effects of dietary fiber . Fed Proc. 1985;;44:2902-2906.
18 +
Judd PA, Truswell AS.  The effect of rolled oats on blood lipids and fecal steroid excretion in man . Am J Clin Nutr. 1981;;34:2061-2067.
19 +
Vahouny GV.  Dietary fiber, lipid metabolism, and atherosclerosis . Fed Proc. 1982;;41:2801-2806.
20 +
Chen WJL, Anderson JW.  Hypocholesterolemic effects of soluble fibers . In: Vahouny GU, Kritchevsky D, eds. Dietary Fiber—Basic and Clinical Aspects . New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1986;: 275-286.
21 +
Chen WJL, Anderson JW, Jennings D.  Propionate may mediate the hypocholesterolemic effects on certain soluble plant fibers in cholesterol-fed rats . Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1984;;175: 215-218.
22 +
Storer GB, Tremble RP.  Effects of dietary oat bran and diabetes on plasma cereal volatile fatty acids in the rat . Nutr Res. 1983;;3:514-526.
23 +
Qureshi AA, Burger WC, Peterson DM, Elson CE.  The structure of an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis isolated from barley . J Biol Chem. 1986;;362:10544-10550.
24 +
Kritchevsky D, Tepper SA, Klurfeld DM.  Dietary protein and atherosclerosis . J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1987;;64:1167-1171.
25 +
Van Horn L, Moag-Stahlberg A, Liu K, et al.  Effects of serum lipids of adding instant oats to a usual American diet . Am J Public Health. 1991;;81:183-188.

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1 +
Sempos C, Fulwood R, Haines C, et al.  The prevalence of high blood cholesterol levels among adults in the United States . JAMA . 1989;;262:45-52.
2 +
 National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults . Arch Intern Med. 1988;;148:36-39.
3 +
Anderson JW, Story L, Seiling B, Chen WJL, Petro MS, Story J.  Hypocholesterolemic effects of oat bran or bean intake on hypercholesterolemic men . Am J Clin Nutr. 1984;;40:1146-1155.
4 +
Kirby RW, Anderson JW, Sieling B, et al.  Oat bran intake selectively lowers serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations of hypercholesterolemic men . Am J Clin Nutr. 1981;;34: 824-829.
5 +
Van Horn L, Liu K, Parker D, Emidy L, Liao Y, Pan WH.  Serum lipid response to oat product intake with a fat-modified diet . J Am Diet Assoc. 1986;;86:759-764.
6 +
Swain JF, Rouse IL, Curley CB, Saks FM.  Comparison of the effects of oat bran and low-fiber wheat on serum lipoprotein levels and blood pressure . N Engl J Med. 1990;;322:147-152.
7 +
Fadel JG, Newman RK, Newman CW, Barnes AE.  Hypocholesterolemic effects of beta-glucans in different barley diets fed to broiler chicks . Nutr Rep Int. 1987;;35:1049-1058.
8 +
Shinnick FL, Ink SL, Marlett JA.  Dose response to a dietary oat bran fraction in the cholesterol-fed rat . J Nutr. 1990;;120:561-586.
9 +
Remmell P, Gorder D, Hall Y, Tillotson JL.  Assessing dietary adherence in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) . J Am Diet Assoc. 1980;;76:351.
10 +
Marston R, Raper N.  Nutrient content for US food supply . Nat Food Rev. 1987;;36:18-23.
11 +
Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS.  Estimation of LDL-cholesterol in plasma without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge . Clin Chem. 1972;;18:499.
12 +
SAS Institute Inc.SAS User's Guide: Statistics . 5th ed. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; 1985;.
13 +
Searle SR, Speed FM, Milliken GA.  Populations marginal means in the linear model: an alternative to least-squares means . Am Statistician . 1980;;34:216-221.
14 +
Anderson JW, Zettwoch RN, Feldman T, Tietyen-Clark J, Oeltgen P, Bishop CW.  Cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid for hypercholesterolemic men . Arch Intern Med. 1988;;148:292-296.
15 +
Bell LP, Hectorne K, Reynolds H, Balm TK, Hunninghake DB.  Cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid . JAMA . 1989;; 261:3419-3423.
16 +
Keenan JM, Wenz JB, Huang Z, Myers SR.  A randomized controlled trial of oat bran cereal for hypercholesterolemia . Circulation . 1990;;82:1889. Abstract.
17 +
Anderson JW.  Physiologic and metabolic effects of dietary fiber . Fed Proc. 1985;;44:2902-2906.
18 +
Judd PA, Truswell AS.  The effect of rolled oats on blood lipids and fecal steroid excretion in man . Am J Clin Nutr. 1981;;34:2061-2067.
19 +
Vahouny GV.  Dietary fiber, lipid metabolism, and atherosclerosis . Fed Proc. 1982;;41:2801-2806.
20 +
Chen WJL, Anderson JW.  Hypocholesterolemic effects of soluble fibers . In: Vahouny GU, Kritchevsky D, eds. Dietary Fiber—Basic and Clinical Aspects . New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1986;: 275-286.
21 +
Chen WJL, Anderson JW, Jennings D.  Propionate may mediate the hypocholesterolemic effects on certain soluble plant fibers in cholesterol-fed rats . Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1984;;175: 215-218.
22 +
Storer GB, Tremble RP.  Effects of dietary oat bran and diabetes on plasma cereal volatile fatty acids in the rat . Nutr Res. 1983;;3:514-526.
23 +
Qureshi AA, Burger WC, Peterson DM, Elson CE.  The structure of an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis isolated from barley . J Biol Chem. 1986;;362:10544-10550.
24 +
Kritchevsky D, Tepper SA, Klurfeld DM.  Dietary protein and atherosclerosis . J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1987;;64:1167-1171.
25 +
Van Horn L, Moag-Stahlberg A, Liu K, et al.  Effects of serum lipids of adding instant oats to a usual American diet . Am J Public Health. 1991;;81:183-188.

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