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August 1, 1990, Vol 264, No. 5 >
ARTICLE | August 1, 1990

Global Health Interdependence and the International Physicians' Movement FREE

George A. Gellert, MDCM, MPH, MPA
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Health Office, Harvard Institute for International Development, 1 Eliot St, Cambridge, MA 02138 (Dr Gellert).


JAMA. 1990;264(5):610-613. doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03450050068030
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References

International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War has had an impressive public impact in the 1980s, helping to shatter the myths of surviving and medically responding to a nuclear attack. The 1990s present a new challenge for the medical community in a different social and international context characterized by increasing global interdependence. Another view of physician activism is presented to complement advocacy for nuclear disarmament in the promotion of peace. A framework for analysis is provided by "fateful visions"—accepted policy views of prospective superpower relations—drawn from practitioners of foreign policy, international relations, and security affairs. A perceptual gap may exist between physicians who wish to address underlying ethical and public health concerns on security issues and policy practitioners who are accustomed to discussion within existing policy frames of reference that can be pragmatically used. A strategy is proposed for physicians to use their specialized training and skills to evaluate trends in global health interdependence. The international physicians' movement may contribute substantively to the formulation of policy by expanding and interpreting an increasingly complex database on interdependence, and by creating a dialogue with policy formulators based on mutual recognition of the value and legitimacy of each professions' expertise and complementary contributions to international security policy.

(JAMA. 1990;264:610-613)

REFERENCES

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Eisenberg L.  Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow, where are you now that we need you? Am J Med. 1984;;77:524.
2 +
Silver GA.  Virchow, the heroic model in medicine: health policy by accolade . Am J Public Health. 1987;;77:82.
3 +
Relman AS.  Physicians, nuclear war, and politics . N Engl J Med. 1982;;307:744-755.
4 +
Sidel VW, Geiger J, Lown B.  The physician's role in the post-attack period . N Engl J Med. 1962;; 266:12-20.
5 +
Abrams HL.  The problem of accidental or inadvertent nuclear war . Prev Med. 1987;;16:319-333.
6 +
Beardslee WR.  Childrens' and adolescents' perceptions of the threat of nuclear war: implications of recent studies . In: Solomon F, Marston RQ, eds. The Medical Implications of Nuclear War . Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy Press; 1986;.
7 +
Nye JS, Allison GT, Carnesale A. Fateful Visions: Avoiding Nuclear Catastrophe . Cambridge, Mass: Ballinger Publishing Co; 1988;.
8 +
The Developing World: Danger Point for US Security . Washington, DC: Arms Control and Foreign Policy Caucus; 1989;.
9 +
Mitrany D. A Working Peace System . Chicago, Ill: Quadrangle Books; 1966;.
10 +
Welch D.  Internationalism: contacts, trade, and institutions . In: Nye JS, Allison GT, Carnesale A, eds. Fateful Visions: Avoiding Nuclear Catastrophe . Cambridge, Mass: Ballinger Publishing Co; 1988;:chap 9.
11 +
Keohane RO, Nye JS. Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition . Boston, Mass: Little Brown & Co; 1977;.
12 +
Jacobson HK. Networks of Interdependence: International Organizations and the Global Political System . New York, NY: Alfred A Knopf; 1984;.
13 +
Leaf A.  Potential health effects of global climatic and environmental change . N Engl J Med. 1989;; 321:1577-1583.
14 +
Hersey P, Haran G, Hasic E, Edwards A.  Alteration of T cell subsets and induction of suppressor T cell activity in normal subjects after exposure to sunlight . J Immunol. 1983;;131:171-174.
15 +
Longstreth JD, ed. Ultraviolet Radiation and Melanoma With a Special Focus on Assessing the Risks of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion . Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency; 1987;.400/1-87/001D.
16 +
Smith J, Tirpak D, eds. The Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the United States. Draft Report to Congress Prepared by the Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation, Office of Research and Development . Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency; 1988;.
17 +
Graedel TE, Crutzen PJ.  The changing atmosphere . Sci Am. 1989;;261:58-68.
18 +
Schneider SH.  The changing climate . Sci Am. 1989;;261:70-79.
19 +
Maurits la Riviere JW.  Threats to the world's water . Sci Am. 1989;;261:80-94.
20 +
Wilson EO.  Threats to biodiversity . Sci Am. 1989;;261:108-116.
21 +
Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service . Washington, DC: Immigration and Naturalization Service, US Dept of Justice; 1988;.
22 +
World Population Projections to 2025 . Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Population Division; 1989;.
23 +
Gellert GA, Neumann AK, Gordon RS.  The obsolescence of distinct domestic and international health sectors . J Publ Health Policy. 1989;;10:421-424.
24 +
California Department of Health Services.  Hyperendemic measles in Los Angeles County . Infectious Diseases . 1988;:No. (49) .
25 +
Maldonado YA, Nahlen BL, Roberto RR, et al.  Transmission of Plasmodium vivax malaria in San Diego County, 1986 . Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1990;;42:3-9.
26 +
Toole MD, Waldman RJ.  Prevention of excess mortality in refugee and displaced populations in developing countries . JAMA . 1990;;263:3296-3302.
27 +
Schambra PE.  Seeking new dimensions in international health research . JAMA . 1990;;263:3325-3326.
28 +
Lown B.  Looking back, seeing ahead . Lancet. 1988;;2:203-204.

Figures

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Interactive Graphics

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Eisenberg L.  Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow, where are you now that we need you? Am J Med. 1984;;77:524.
2 +
Silver GA.  Virchow, the heroic model in medicine: health policy by accolade . Am J Public Health. 1987;;77:82.
3 +
Relman AS.  Physicians, nuclear war, and politics . N Engl J Med. 1982;;307:744-755.
4 +
Sidel VW, Geiger J, Lown B.  The physician's role in the post-attack period . N Engl J Med. 1962;; 266:12-20.
5 +
Abrams HL.  The problem of accidental or inadvertent nuclear war . Prev Med. 1987;;16:319-333.
6 +
Beardslee WR.  Childrens' and adolescents' perceptions of the threat of nuclear war: implications of recent studies . In: Solomon F, Marston RQ, eds. The Medical Implications of Nuclear War . Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy Press; 1986;.
7 +
Nye JS, Allison GT, Carnesale A. Fateful Visions: Avoiding Nuclear Catastrophe . Cambridge, Mass: Ballinger Publishing Co; 1988;.
8 +
The Developing World: Danger Point for US Security . Washington, DC: Arms Control and Foreign Policy Caucus; 1989;.
9 +
Mitrany D. A Working Peace System . Chicago, Ill: Quadrangle Books; 1966;.
10 +
Welch D.  Internationalism: contacts, trade, and institutions . In: Nye JS, Allison GT, Carnesale A, eds. Fateful Visions: Avoiding Nuclear Catastrophe . Cambridge, Mass: Ballinger Publishing Co; 1988;:chap 9.
11 +
Keohane RO, Nye JS. Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition . Boston, Mass: Little Brown & Co; 1977;.
12 +
Jacobson HK. Networks of Interdependence: International Organizations and the Global Political System . New York, NY: Alfred A Knopf; 1984;.
13 +
Leaf A.  Potential health effects of global climatic and environmental change . N Engl J Med. 1989;; 321:1577-1583.
14 +
Hersey P, Haran G, Hasic E, Edwards A.  Alteration of T cell subsets and induction of suppressor T cell activity in normal subjects after exposure to sunlight . J Immunol. 1983;;131:171-174.
15 +
Longstreth JD, ed. Ultraviolet Radiation and Melanoma With a Special Focus on Assessing the Risks of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion . Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency; 1987;.400/1-87/001D.
16 +
Smith J, Tirpak D, eds. The Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the United States. Draft Report to Congress Prepared by the Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation, Office of Research and Development . Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency; 1988;.
17 +
Graedel TE, Crutzen PJ.  The changing atmosphere . Sci Am. 1989;;261:58-68.
18 +
Schneider SH.  The changing climate . Sci Am. 1989;;261:70-79.
19 +
Maurits la Riviere JW.  Threats to the world's water . Sci Am. 1989;;261:80-94.
20 +
Wilson EO.  Threats to biodiversity . Sci Am. 1989;;261:108-116.
21 +
Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service . Washington, DC: Immigration and Naturalization Service, US Dept of Justice; 1988;.
22 +
World Population Projections to 2025 . Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Population Division; 1989;.
23 +
Gellert GA, Neumann AK, Gordon RS.  The obsolescence of distinct domestic and international health sectors . J Publ Health Policy. 1989;;10:421-424.
24 +
California Department of Health Services.  Hyperendemic measles in Los Angeles County . Infectious Diseases . 1988;:No. (49) .
25 +
Maldonado YA, Nahlen BL, Roberto RR, et al.  Transmission of Plasmodium vivax malaria in San Diego County, 1986 . Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1990;;42:3-9.
26 +
Toole MD, Waldman RJ.  Prevention of excess mortality in refugee and displaced populations in developing countries . JAMA . 1990;;263:3296-3302.
27 +
Schambra PE.  Seeking new dimensions in international health research . JAMA . 1990;;263:3325-3326.
28 +
Lown B.  Looking back, seeing ahead . Lancet. 1988;;2:203-204.

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