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May 23, 1990, Vol 263, No. 20 >
ARTICLE | May 23, 1990

Who Profits From Tobacco Sales to Children? FREE

Joseph R. DiFranza, MD; Joe B. Tye, MBA
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Fitchburg Family Practice Residency Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 47 Ashby State Rd, Fitchburg, MA 01420 (Dr DiFranza).


JAMA. 1990;263(20):2784-2787. doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03440200088028
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References

It is estimated that more than 3 million American children under 18 years of age consume 947 million packs of cigarettes and 26 million containers of smokeless tobacco yearly. These tobacco products account for annual sales of $1.26 billion. Approximately 3% of tobacco industry profits ($221 million in 1988) derive directly from the sale of cigarettes to children, an activity that is illegal in 43 states. Approximately half of the tobacco industry's profits, or $3.35 billion annually, derives from sales to people who became addicted to nicotine as children. Tax revenues to the federal ($152 million) and state ($173 million) governments from cigarette sales to children dwarf governmental expenditures on smoking and health. We describe how dozens of communities have effectively enforced laws that prohibit the distribution of tobacco to children and offer some suggestions for increasing efforts to prevent nicotine addiction.

(JAMA. 1990;263:2784-2787)

REFERENCES

1 +
Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG. Use of Licit and Illicit Drugs by America's High School Students: 1975-1984 . Rockville, Md: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1985;.
2 +
Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 Years of Progress . Rockville, Md: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 1989;:302-313. A report of the Surgeon General. Publication (CDC) 89-8411.
3 +
DiFranza JR, Norwood BD, Garner DW, Tye JB.  Legislative efforts to protect children from tobacco . JAMA. 1987;;257:3387-3389.
4 +
Kirn TF.  Laws ban minors' tobacco purchases, but enforcement is another matter . JAMA. 1987;;257:3323-3324.
5 +
Altman DG, Foster V, Rasenick-Douss L, Tye JB.  Reducing the illegal sale of cigarettes to minors . JAMA. 1989;;261:80-83.
6 +
Statistical Abstract of the United States 1988 . 108th edition. Washington, DC: US Dept of Commerce, Bureau of the Census; 1988;:15.
7 +
Pirie PL, Murray DM, Luepker RV.  Smoking prevalence in a cohort of adolescents, including absentees, dropouts and transfers . Am J Public Health. 1988;;78:176-178.
8 +
Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG. Drug Use, Drinking, and Smoking: National Survey Results From High School, College and Young Adults Populations 1975-1988 . Rockville, Md: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1989;. Dept of Health and Human Services publication (ADM) 89-1638.
9 +
Brown KS, Cherry WH, Forbes WF. The 1978 Survey of the Smoking Habits of Canadian School Children . Toronto: The Canadian Home and School and Parent-Teacher Federation; 1978;.
10 +
Green DE. Teenage Smoking: Immediate and Long-term Patterns . Washington, DC: National Institute of Education; 1979;.
11 +
Canadian Gallup Poll Ltd. A Summary Report on Tobacco, Alcohol and Marijuana Use and Norms Among Young People in Canada, Year 3 . Ottawa: Health and Welfare Canada; 1985;.
12 +
Canadian Gallup Poll Ltd. A Summary Report on Tobacco, Alcohol and Marijuana Use and Norms Among Young People in Canada, Year 4 . Ottawa: Health and Welfare Canada; 1986;.
13 +
National Institute on Drug Abuse. National Adolescent Student Health Survey . Rockville, Md: National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information; 1989;.
14 +
Warner KE.  Smoking and health implications of a change in the federal cigarette excise tax . JAMA. 1986;;255:1028-1032.
15 +
The Tax Burden on Tobacco . Washington, DC: The Tobacco Institute; 1988;:23.
16 +
The Gallup Youth Survey: Teen Smoking Still a Matter of Concern . Princeton, NJ: George H. Gallup International Institute; (February 15) , 1989;.
17 +
Kandel DB, Logan JA.  Patterns of drug use from adolescence to young adulthood, I: periods of risk for initiation, continued use, and discontinuation . Am J Public Health. 1984;;74:660-666.
18 +
Hatziandreu EJ, Pierce JP, Fiore MC, et al.  The reliability of self-reported cigarette consumption in the United States . Am J Public Health. 1989;;79:1020-1023.
19 +
Millar WJ, Peterson J. Tobacco Use by Youth in the Canadian Arctic . Ottawa: Health and Welfare Canada, Government of the Northwest Territories; 1989;.
20 +
The Health Consequences of Using Smokeless Tobacco . Bethesda, Md: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 1986;:15. A report of the advisory committee to the Surgeon General. National Institutes of Health publication 86-2874.
21 +
Connolly GN, Winn DM, Hecht SS, et al.  The reemergence of smokeless tobacco . N Engl J Med. 1986;;314:1020-1027.
22 +
Model Legislation on the Enforcement of Laws to Restrict Children's Access to Tobacco . Chicago, Ill: American Medical Association; 1987;. AMA Proceedings No. 193.
23 +
STAT. Tobacco Youth Reporter . (Autumn) 1989;;4:6.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG. Use of Licit and Illicit Drugs by America's High School Students: 1975-1984 . Rockville, Md: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1985;.
2 +
Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 Years of Progress . Rockville, Md: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 1989;:302-313. A report of the Surgeon General. Publication (CDC) 89-8411.
3 +
DiFranza JR, Norwood BD, Garner DW, Tye JB.  Legislative efforts to protect children from tobacco . JAMA. 1987;;257:3387-3389.
4 +
Kirn TF.  Laws ban minors' tobacco purchases, but enforcement is another matter . JAMA. 1987;;257:3323-3324.
5 +
Altman DG, Foster V, Rasenick-Douss L, Tye JB.  Reducing the illegal sale of cigarettes to minors . JAMA. 1989;;261:80-83.
6 +
Statistical Abstract of the United States 1988 . 108th edition. Washington, DC: US Dept of Commerce, Bureau of the Census; 1988;:15.
7 +
Pirie PL, Murray DM, Luepker RV.  Smoking prevalence in a cohort of adolescents, including absentees, dropouts and transfers . Am J Public Health. 1988;;78:176-178.
8 +
Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG. Drug Use, Drinking, and Smoking: National Survey Results From High School, College and Young Adults Populations 1975-1988 . Rockville, Md: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1989;. Dept of Health and Human Services publication (ADM) 89-1638.
9 +
Brown KS, Cherry WH, Forbes WF. The 1978 Survey of the Smoking Habits of Canadian School Children . Toronto: The Canadian Home and School and Parent-Teacher Federation; 1978;.
10 +
Green DE. Teenage Smoking: Immediate and Long-term Patterns . Washington, DC: National Institute of Education; 1979;.
11 +
Canadian Gallup Poll Ltd. A Summary Report on Tobacco, Alcohol and Marijuana Use and Norms Among Young People in Canada, Year 3 . Ottawa: Health and Welfare Canada; 1985;.
12 +
Canadian Gallup Poll Ltd. A Summary Report on Tobacco, Alcohol and Marijuana Use and Norms Among Young People in Canada, Year 4 . Ottawa: Health and Welfare Canada; 1986;.
13 +
National Institute on Drug Abuse. National Adolescent Student Health Survey . Rockville, Md: National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information; 1989;.
14 +
Warner KE.  Smoking and health implications of a change in the federal cigarette excise tax . JAMA. 1986;;255:1028-1032.
15 +
The Tax Burden on Tobacco . Washington, DC: The Tobacco Institute; 1988;:23.
16 +
The Gallup Youth Survey: Teen Smoking Still a Matter of Concern . Princeton, NJ: George H. Gallup International Institute; (February 15) , 1989;.
17 +
Kandel DB, Logan JA.  Patterns of drug use from adolescence to young adulthood, I: periods of risk for initiation, continued use, and discontinuation . Am J Public Health. 1984;;74:660-666.
18 +
Hatziandreu EJ, Pierce JP, Fiore MC, et al.  The reliability of self-reported cigarette consumption in the United States . Am J Public Health. 1989;;79:1020-1023.
19 +
Millar WJ, Peterson J. Tobacco Use by Youth in the Canadian Arctic . Ottawa: Health and Welfare Canada, Government of the Northwest Territories; 1989;.
20 +
The Health Consequences of Using Smokeless Tobacco . Bethesda, Md: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 1986;:15. A report of the advisory committee to the Surgeon General. National Institutes of Health publication 86-2874.
21 +
Connolly GN, Winn DM, Hecht SS, et al.  The reemergence of smokeless tobacco . N Engl J Med. 1986;;314:1020-1027.
22 +
Model Legislation on the Enforcement of Laws to Restrict Children's Access to Tobacco . Chicago, Ill: American Medical Association; 1987;. AMA Proceedings No. 193.
23 +
STAT. Tobacco Youth Reporter . (Autumn) 1989;;4:6.

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