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May 9, 1990, Vol 263, No. 18 >
ARTICLE | May 9, 1990

The Effects of Polyunsaturated Fat vs Monounsaturated Fat on Plasma Lipoproteins FREE

Darlene M. Dreon, MS, MPH, RD; Karen M. Vranizan, MA; Ronald M. Krauss, MD; Melissa A. Austin, PhD; Peter D. Wood, DSc
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Donner Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 (Ms Dreon).


JAMA. 1990;263(18):2462-2466. doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03440180068034
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References

The effect on plasma lipoproteins of exchanging fat type within currently recommended reduced-fat diets was studied in a free-living group of 19 men and 20 women who consumed both a polyunsaturated fat—enriched diet and a monounsaturated fat—enriched diet, each for a 12-week period, with saturated fat and cholesterol held constant. Mean plasma concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein total mass (analytic ultracentrifuge), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and HDL total mass, did not change significantly on exchanging fat type. However, HDL2 cholesterol concentration was 50% higher and HDL3 cholesterol concentration was 7% lower for polyunsaturated compared with monounsaturated fat. Mean total mass of HDL4 was also 23.5% higher and concentration of apolipoprotein B was 5.4% lower on transfer to the polyunsaturated fat diet. Contrary to frequent assertions, we find no advantage with respect to plasma HDL concentrations in using predominantly monounsaturated rather than polyunsaturated fats in subjects who consumed reduced-fat, solid-food diets.

(JAMA. 1990;263:2462-2466)

REFERENCES

1 +
The Expert Panel.  Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults . Arch Intern Med. 1988;; 148:36-69.
2 +
Mattson FH, Grundy SM.  Comparison of effects of dietary saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in man . J Lipid Res. 1985;;26:194-202.
3 +
Grundy SM, Nix D, Whelan MF, Franklin L.  Comparison of three cholesterol-lowering diets in normolipidemic men . JAMA. 1986;;256:2351-2355.
4 +
Mensink RP, Katan MB.  Effect of a diet enriched with monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids on levels of low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in healthy women and men . N Engl J Med. 1989;;321:436-441.
5 +
Grundy SM.  Comparison of monounsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates for lowering plasma cholesterol . N Engl J Med. 1986;;314:745-748.
6 +
Shepherd J, Packard CJ, Patsch JR, Gotto AM Jr, Taunton OD.  Effects of dietary polyunsaturated and saturated fat on the properties of high density lipoproteins and the metabolism of apolipoprotein A-I . J Clin Invest. 1978;;61:1582-1592.
7 +
Keys A.  Lowering plasma cholesterol by diet . N Engl J Med. 1986;;315:585.
8 +
Oh SY, Monaco PA.  Effect of dietary cholesterol and degree of fat unsaturation on plasma lipid levels, lipoprotein composition, and fecal steroid excretion in normal young adult men . Am J Clin Nutr. 1985;;42:399-413.
9 +
Becker N, Illingworth DR, Alaupovic P, Connor WE, Sundberg EE.  Effects of saturated, monounsaturated, and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apoproteins in humans . Am J Clin Nutr. 1983;;37:355-360.
10 +
Jackson RL, Glueck CJ, Mathur SN, Spector AA.  Effects of diet and high density lipoprotein subfractions on the removal of cellular cholesterol . Lipids . 1980;;15:230-235.
11 +
Kuusi T, Ehnholm C, Huttunen JK, et al.  Concentration and composition of serum lipoproteins during a low-fat diet at two levels of polyunsaturated fat . J Lipid Res. 1985;;26:360-367.
12 +
Brussaard JH, Katan MB, Groot PHE, Havekes LM, Hautvast JGAJ.  Serum lipoproteins of healthy persons fed a low-fat diet or a polyunsaturated fat diet for three months . Atherosclerosis . 1982;;42:205-219.
13 +
Cooper RS, Goldberg RB, Maurizio T, et al.  The selective lipid-lowering effect of vegetarianism on low-density lipoproteins in a cross-over experiment . Atherosclerosis . 1982;;44:293-305.
14 +
ThuesenL, Henriksen LB, Engby B.  One-year experience with a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet in patients with coronary heart disease . Am J Clin Nutr. 1986;;44:212-219.
15 +
Gotto AM Jr, Bierman EL, Connor WE, et al.  Recommendations for treatment of hyperlipidemia in adults: a joint statement of the Nutrition Committee and the Council on Arteriosclerosis . Circulation . 1984;;69:1067A-1090A.
16 +
Warnick GR, Benderson J, Albers JJ.  Dextran sulfate precipitation procedure for quantitation of high density lipoprotein . Clin Chem. 1982;;28:1379-1388.
17 +
Demacker PNM, Hak-Lemmers HLM, Hijmans AGM, Baadenhuysen H.  Evaluation of the dual precipitation method for determination of cholesterol of high-density lipoprotein subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 in serum . Clin Chem. 1986;;32:819-825.
18 +
Mancini G, Carbonara AO, Heremans JF.  Immuno chemical quantitation of antigens by single radial immunodiffusion . Immunochemistry . 1965;; 2:235-254.
19 +
Lindgren FT, Jensen LC, Hatch FT.  The isolation and quantitative analysis of serum lipoproteins . In: Nelson GJ, ed. Blood Lipids and Lipoproteins . New York, NY: John Wiley Interscience; 1972;:181-274.
20 +
Reference Food Table, Version 13 . Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Nutrition Coordinating Center; 1986;.
21 +
Keys A, Anderson JT, Grande F.  Serum cholesterol response to changes in the diet, IV: particular saturated fatty acids in the diet . Metabolism . 1965;;14:776-787.
22 +
Sirtori CR, Tremoli E, Gatti E, et al.  Controlled evaluation of fat intake in the Mediterranean diet: comparative activities of olive oil and corn oil on plasma lipids and platelets in high-risk patients . Am J Clin Nutr. 1986;;44:635-642.
23 +
Mensink RP, de Groot MJM, van den Broeke LT, Severijnen-Nobels AP, Demacker PNM, Katan MB.  Effects of monounsaturated fatty acids vs complex carbohydrates on serum lipoproteins and apoproteins in healthy men and women . Metabolism . 1989;;38:172-178.
24 +
Vega GL, Gorszek E, Wolf R, Grundy SM.  Influence of polyunsaturated fats on composition of plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins . J Lipid Res. 1982;;23:811-822.
25 +
Shore VG, Butterfield G, Krauss RM.  Effects of varying the dietary ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fats on plasma lipids and lipoproteins . In: Perkins EG, Visek WJ, eds. Dietary Fats and Health . Champaign, Ill: American Oil Chemists' Society; 1983;:667-668.
26 +
Miller NE, Hammett F, Saltissi S, et al.  Relation of angiographically defined coronary artery disease to plasma lipoprotein subfractions and apolipoproteins . BMJ. 1981;;282:1741-1744.
27 +
Gofman JW, Young W, Tandy R.  Ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, and longevity . Circulation . 1966;;34:579-597.
28 +
Williams PT, Krauss RM, Wood PD, Albers JJ, Ellsworth N, Dreon DM.  Associations of diet and alcohol intake with high density lipoprotein subclasses . Metabolism . 1985;;34:524-530.
29 +
Wood PD, Stefanick ML, Dreon DM, et al.  Changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins during weight loss by dieting versus exercise in overweight men . N Engl J Med. 1988;;319:1173-1179.
30 +
Baggio G, Pagnan A, Muraca M, et al.  Olive oil-enriched diet: effect on serum lipoprotein levels and biliary cholesterol saturation . Am J Clin Nutr. 1988;;47:960-964.
31 +
Lippel K, ed. Report of the High Density Lipoprotein Methodology Workshop . Washington, DC: US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare; 1979;:142-163. National Institutes of Health publication 79-1661.

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1 +
The Expert Panel.  Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults . Arch Intern Med. 1988;; 148:36-69.
2 +
Mattson FH, Grundy SM.  Comparison of effects of dietary saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in man . J Lipid Res. 1985;;26:194-202.
3 +
Grundy SM, Nix D, Whelan MF, Franklin L.  Comparison of three cholesterol-lowering diets in normolipidemic men . JAMA. 1986;;256:2351-2355.
4 +
Mensink RP, Katan MB.  Effect of a diet enriched with monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids on levels of low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in healthy women and men . N Engl J Med. 1989;;321:436-441.
5 +
Grundy SM.  Comparison of monounsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates for lowering plasma cholesterol . N Engl J Med. 1986;;314:745-748.
6 +
Shepherd J, Packard CJ, Patsch JR, Gotto AM Jr, Taunton OD.  Effects of dietary polyunsaturated and saturated fat on the properties of high density lipoproteins and the metabolism of apolipoprotein A-I . J Clin Invest. 1978;;61:1582-1592.
7 +
Keys A.  Lowering plasma cholesterol by diet . N Engl J Med. 1986;;315:585.
8 +
Oh SY, Monaco PA.  Effect of dietary cholesterol and degree of fat unsaturation on plasma lipid levels, lipoprotein composition, and fecal steroid excretion in normal young adult men . Am J Clin Nutr. 1985;;42:399-413.
9 +
Becker N, Illingworth DR, Alaupovic P, Connor WE, Sundberg EE.  Effects of saturated, monounsaturated, and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apoproteins in humans . Am J Clin Nutr. 1983;;37:355-360.
10 +
Jackson RL, Glueck CJ, Mathur SN, Spector AA.  Effects of diet and high density lipoprotein subfractions on the removal of cellular cholesterol . Lipids . 1980;;15:230-235.
11 +
Kuusi T, Ehnholm C, Huttunen JK, et al.  Concentration and composition of serum lipoproteins during a low-fat diet at two levels of polyunsaturated fat . J Lipid Res. 1985;;26:360-367.
12 +
Brussaard JH, Katan MB, Groot PHE, Havekes LM, Hautvast JGAJ.  Serum lipoproteins of healthy persons fed a low-fat diet or a polyunsaturated fat diet for three months . Atherosclerosis . 1982;;42:205-219.
13 +
Cooper RS, Goldberg RB, Maurizio T, et al.  The selective lipid-lowering effect of vegetarianism on low-density lipoproteins in a cross-over experiment . Atherosclerosis . 1982;;44:293-305.
14 +
ThuesenL, Henriksen LB, Engby B.  One-year experience with a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet in patients with coronary heart disease . Am J Clin Nutr. 1986;;44:212-219.
15 +
Gotto AM Jr, Bierman EL, Connor WE, et al.  Recommendations for treatment of hyperlipidemia in adults: a joint statement of the Nutrition Committee and the Council on Arteriosclerosis . Circulation . 1984;;69:1067A-1090A.
16 +
Warnick GR, Benderson J, Albers JJ.  Dextran sulfate precipitation procedure for quantitation of high density lipoprotein . Clin Chem. 1982;;28:1379-1388.
17 +
Demacker PNM, Hak-Lemmers HLM, Hijmans AGM, Baadenhuysen H.  Evaluation of the dual precipitation method for determination of cholesterol of high-density lipoprotein subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 in serum . Clin Chem. 1986;;32:819-825.
18 +
Mancini G, Carbonara AO, Heremans JF.  Immuno chemical quantitation of antigens by single radial immunodiffusion . Immunochemistry . 1965;; 2:235-254.
19 +
Lindgren FT, Jensen LC, Hatch FT.  The isolation and quantitative analysis of serum lipoproteins . In: Nelson GJ, ed. Blood Lipids and Lipoproteins . New York, NY: John Wiley Interscience; 1972;:181-274.
20 +
Reference Food Table, Version 13 . Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Nutrition Coordinating Center; 1986;.
21 +
Keys A, Anderson JT, Grande F.  Serum cholesterol response to changes in the diet, IV: particular saturated fatty acids in the diet . Metabolism . 1965;;14:776-787.
22 +
Sirtori CR, Tremoli E, Gatti E, et al.  Controlled evaluation of fat intake in the Mediterranean diet: comparative activities of olive oil and corn oil on plasma lipids and platelets in high-risk patients . Am J Clin Nutr. 1986;;44:635-642.
23 +
Mensink RP, de Groot MJM, van den Broeke LT, Severijnen-Nobels AP, Demacker PNM, Katan MB.  Effects of monounsaturated fatty acids vs complex carbohydrates on serum lipoproteins and apoproteins in healthy men and women . Metabolism . 1989;;38:172-178.
24 +
Vega GL, Gorszek E, Wolf R, Grundy SM.  Influence of polyunsaturated fats on composition of plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins . J Lipid Res. 1982;;23:811-822.
25 +
Shore VG, Butterfield G, Krauss RM.  Effects of varying the dietary ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fats on plasma lipids and lipoproteins . In: Perkins EG, Visek WJ, eds. Dietary Fats and Health . Champaign, Ill: American Oil Chemists' Society; 1983;:667-668.
26 +
Miller NE, Hammett F, Saltissi S, et al.  Relation of angiographically defined coronary artery disease to plasma lipoprotein subfractions and apolipoproteins . BMJ. 1981;;282:1741-1744.
27 +
Gofman JW, Young W, Tandy R.  Ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, and longevity . Circulation . 1966;;34:579-597.
28 +
Williams PT, Krauss RM, Wood PD, Albers JJ, Ellsworth N, Dreon DM.  Associations of diet and alcohol intake with high density lipoprotein subclasses . Metabolism . 1985;;34:524-530.
29 +
Wood PD, Stefanick ML, Dreon DM, et al.  Changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins during weight loss by dieting versus exercise in overweight men . N Engl J Med. 1988;;319:1173-1179.
30 +
Baggio G, Pagnan A, Muraca M, et al.  Olive oil-enriched diet: effect on serum lipoprotein levels and biliary cholesterol saturation . Am J Clin Nutr. 1988;;47:960-964.
31 +
Lippel K, ed. Report of the High Density Lipoprotein Methodology Workshop . Washington, DC: US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare; 1979;:142-163. National Institutes of Health publication 79-1661.

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