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August 18, 1989, Vol 262, No. 7 >
ARTICLE | August 18, 1989

Transforming Growth Factor—β: Title and subTitle BreakMultiple Actions and Potential Clinical Applications FREE

Michael B. Sporn, MD; Anita B. Roberts, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to National Cancer Institute, Bldg 41, Bethesda, MD20892 (Dr Sporn).


JAMA. 1989;262(7):938-941. doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03430070086036
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References

THE CURRENT excitement in research on transforming growth factor—β (TGF-β) comes from its multiple actions on almost every type of cell and its potential for therapeutic use in common clinical conditions for which there are no adequate pharmacologic agents. Although TGF-β was identified originally in an assay that measured its ability to enhance the growth of fibroblasts in soft agar ("transformation"), its true importance is as a mediator of normal cellular physiology, in particular during normal formation of tissues (as in embryogenesis) and during tissue response to injury (as in inflammation and repair). Almost all cells have been shown to make TGF-β in one of its molecular forms, and al— most all normal cells have receptors for TGF-β.

Transforming growth factor—β1 is a highly stable peptide that consists of two identical chains, each containing 112 amino acids. It was first isolated and characterized from human platelets and placentas as well

REFERENCES

1 +
Roberts AB, Flanders KC, Kondaiah P, et al.  Transforming growth factor β: biochemistry and roles in embryogenesis, tissue repair and remodeling, and carcinogenesis . Recent Prog Horm Res. 1988;;44:157-197.
2 +
Roberts AB, Sporn MB.  The transforming growth factor-betas . In: Sporn MB, Roberts AB, eds. Peptide Growth Factors and Their Receptors: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology . New York, NY: Springer-Verlag NY Inc. In press.
3 +
Heine UI, Munoz EF, Flanders KC, et al.  Role of transforming growth factor-β in the development of the mouse embryo . J Cell Biol. 1987;;105:2861-2876.
4 +
Lehnert SA, Akhurst RJ.  Embryonic expression pattern of TGF-beta type 1 RNA suggests both paracrine and autocrine mechanisms of action . Development . 1988;;104:263-273.
5 +
Assoian RK, Sporn MB.  Type-beta transforming growth factor in human platelets: release during platelet degranulation and action on vascular smooth muscle cells . J Cell Biol. 1986;;102:1217-1223.
6 +
Wahl SM, Hunt DA, Wakefield LM, et al.  Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) induces monocyte chemotaxis and growth factor production . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1987;;84:5788-5792.
7 +
Tsunawaki S, Sporn MB, Ding A, Nathan C.  Deactivation of macrophages by transforming growth factor-β . Nature . 1988;;334:260-262.
8 +
Postlethwaite AE, Keski-Oja J, Moses HL, Kang AH.  Stimulation of the chemotactic migration of human fibroblasts by transforming growth factor beta . J Exp Med. 1987;;165:251-256.
9 +
Sporn MB, Roberts AB, Wakefield LM, de Crombrugghe B.  Some recent advances in the chemistry and biology of transforming growth factor-beta . J Cell Biol. 1987;;105:1039-1045.
10 +
Keski-Oja J, Blasi F, Leof EB, Moses HL.  Regulation of the synthesis and activity of urokinase plasminogen activator in A549 human lung carcinoma cells by transforming growth factor-β . J Cell Biol. 1988;;106:451-459.
11 +
Roberts AB, Sporn MB, Assoian RK, et al.  Transforming growth factor type-beta: rapid induction of fibrosis and angiogenesis in vivo and stimulation of collagen formation in vitro . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1986;;83:4167-4171.
12 +
Heino J, Ignotz RA, Hemler ME, Crouse C, Massagué J.  Regulation of cell adhesion receptors by transforming growth factor-β . J Biol Chem. 1989;;264:380-388.
13 +
Smiddy WE, Glaser BM, Green R, et al.  Transforming growth factor beta: a biologic chorioretinal glue . Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;;107:577-580.
14 +
Connor TB, Roberts AB, Sporn MB, et al.  Correlation of fibrosis and transforming growth factor-beta type 2 levels in the eye . J Clin Invest. 1989;;83:1661-1666.
15 +
Fava R, Olsen N, Keski-Oja J, Moses H, Pincus T.  Active and latent forms of transforming growth factor β activity in synovial effusions . J Exp Med. 1989;;169:291-296.
16 +
Pfeilschifter J, Mundy GR.  Modulation of type β transforming growth factor activity in bone cultures of osteotropic hormones . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1987;;84:2024-2028.
17 +
Centrella M, McCarthy TL, Canalis E.  Skeletal tissue and transforming growth factor β . FASEB J. 1988;;2:3066-3073.
18 +
Seyedin SM, Thomas TC, Thompson AY, Rosen DM, Piez KA.  Purification and characterization of two cartilage-inducing factors from bovine demineralized bone . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1985;;82:2267-2271.
19 +
Komm BS, Terpening CM, Benz DJ, et al.  Estrogen binding, receptor mRNA, and biologic response in osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells . Science . 1988;;241:81-84.
20 +
Noda M, Camilliere JJ, Rodan GA.  Transforming growth factor β promotes bone formation in vivo . J Cell Biol. 1988;;107:48a.
21 +
Wozney JM, Rosen V, Celeste AJ, et al.  Novel regulators of bone formation: molecular clones and activities . Science . 1988;;242:1528-1534.
22 +
Love RR, Mazess RB, Tormey DC, Barden HS, Newcomb PA, Jordan VC.  Bone mineral density in women with breast cancer treated with adjuvant tamoxifen for at least two years . Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1988;;12:297-301.
23 +
Knabbe C, Lippman ME, Wakefield LM, et al.  Evidence that transforming growth factor-β is a hormonally regulated negative growth factor in human breast cancer cells . Cell . 1987;;48:417-428.
24 +
Wrann M, Bodmer S, de Martin R, et al.  T cell suppressor factor from human glioblastoma cells is a 12.5 KD protein closely related to transforming growth factor-beta . EMBO J. 1987;;6:1633-1636.
25 +
Thompson NL, Bazoberry F, Speir E, et al.  Transforming growth factor beta-1 in acute myocardial infarction in rats . Growth Factors. 1988;; 1:91-99.
26 +
Caulfield JB, Bittner V.  Cardiac matrix alterations induced by adriamycin . Am J Pathol. 1988;;133:298-305.
27 +
Barnard JA, Bascom CC, Lyons RM, Sipes NJ, Moses HL.  Transforming growth factor β in the control of epidermal proliferation . Am J Med Sci. 1988;;296:159-163.
28 +
Sporn MB, Roberts AB.  Autocrine growth factors and cancer . Nature . 1985;;313:745-747.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Roberts AB, Flanders KC, Kondaiah P, et al.  Transforming growth factor β: biochemistry and roles in embryogenesis, tissue repair and remodeling, and carcinogenesis . Recent Prog Horm Res. 1988;;44:157-197.
2 +
Roberts AB, Sporn MB.  The transforming growth factor-betas . In: Sporn MB, Roberts AB, eds. Peptide Growth Factors and Their Receptors: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology . New York, NY: Springer-Verlag NY Inc. In press.
3 +
Heine UI, Munoz EF, Flanders KC, et al.  Role of transforming growth factor-β in the development of the mouse embryo . J Cell Biol. 1987;;105:2861-2876.
4 +
Lehnert SA, Akhurst RJ.  Embryonic expression pattern of TGF-beta type 1 RNA suggests both paracrine and autocrine mechanisms of action . Development . 1988;;104:263-273.
5 +
Assoian RK, Sporn MB.  Type-beta transforming growth factor in human platelets: release during platelet degranulation and action on vascular smooth muscle cells . J Cell Biol. 1986;;102:1217-1223.
6 +
Wahl SM, Hunt DA, Wakefield LM, et al.  Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) induces monocyte chemotaxis and growth factor production . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1987;;84:5788-5792.
7 +
Tsunawaki S, Sporn MB, Ding A, Nathan C.  Deactivation of macrophages by transforming growth factor-β . Nature . 1988;;334:260-262.
8 +
Postlethwaite AE, Keski-Oja J, Moses HL, Kang AH.  Stimulation of the chemotactic migration of human fibroblasts by transforming growth factor beta . J Exp Med. 1987;;165:251-256.
9 +
Sporn MB, Roberts AB, Wakefield LM, de Crombrugghe B.  Some recent advances in the chemistry and biology of transforming growth factor-beta . J Cell Biol. 1987;;105:1039-1045.
10 +
Keski-Oja J, Blasi F, Leof EB, Moses HL.  Regulation of the synthesis and activity of urokinase plasminogen activator in A549 human lung carcinoma cells by transforming growth factor-β . J Cell Biol. 1988;;106:451-459.
11 +
Roberts AB, Sporn MB, Assoian RK, et al.  Transforming growth factor type-beta: rapid induction of fibrosis and angiogenesis in vivo and stimulation of collagen formation in vitro . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1986;;83:4167-4171.
12 +
Heino J, Ignotz RA, Hemler ME, Crouse C, Massagué J.  Regulation of cell adhesion receptors by transforming growth factor-β . J Biol Chem. 1989;;264:380-388.
13 +
Smiddy WE, Glaser BM, Green R, et al.  Transforming growth factor beta: a biologic chorioretinal glue . Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;;107:577-580.
14 +
Connor TB, Roberts AB, Sporn MB, et al.  Correlation of fibrosis and transforming growth factor-beta type 2 levels in the eye . J Clin Invest. 1989;;83:1661-1666.
15 +
Fava R, Olsen N, Keski-Oja J, Moses H, Pincus T.  Active and latent forms of transforming growth factor β activity in synovial effusions . J Exp Med. 1989;;169:291-296.
16 +
Pfeilschifter J, Mundy GR.  Modulation of type β transforming growth factor activity in bone cultures of osteotropic hormones . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1987;;84:2024-2028.
17 +
Centrella M, McCarthy TL, Canalis E.  Skeletal tissue and transforming growth factor β . FASEB J. 1988;;2:3066-3073.
18 +
Seyedin SM, Thomas TC, Thompson AY, Rosen DM, Piez KA.  Purification and characterization of two cartilage-inducing factors from bovine demineralized bone . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1985;;82:2267-2271.
19 +
Komm BS, Terpening CM, Benz DJ, et al.  Estrogen binding, receptor mRNA, and biologic response in osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells . Science . 1988;;241:81-84.
20 +
Noda M, Camilliere JJ, Rodan GA.  Transforming growth factor β promotes bone formation in vivo . J Cell Biol. 1988;;107:48a.
21 +
Wozney JM, Rosen V, Celeste AJ, et al.  Novel regulators of bone formation: molecular clones and activities . Science . 1988;;242:1528-1534.
22 +
Love RR, Mazess RB, Tormey DC, Barden HS, Newcomb PA, Jordan VC.  Bone mineral density in women with breast cancer treated with adjuvant tamoxifen for at least two years . Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1988;;12:297-301.
23 +
Knabbe C, Lippman ME, Wakefield LM, et al.  Evidence that transforming growth factor-β is a hormonally regulated negative growth factor in human breast cancer cells . Cell . 1987;;48:417-428.
24 +
Wrann M, Bodmer S, de Martin R, et al.  T cell suppressor factor from human glioblastoma cells is a 12.5 KD protein closely related to transforming growth factor-beta . EMBO J. 1987;;6:1633-1636.
25 +
Thompson NL, Bazoberry F, Speir E, et al.  Transforming growth factor beta-1 in acute myocardial infarction in rats . Growth Factors. 1988;; 1:91-99.
26 +
Caulfield JB, Bittner V.  Cardiac matrix alterations induced by adriamycin . Am J Pathol. 1988;;133:298-305.
27 +
Barnard JA, Bascom CC, Lyons RM, Sipes NJ, Moses HL.  Transforming growth factor β in the control of epidermal proliferation . Am J Med Sci. 1988;;296:159-163.
28 +
Sporn MB, Roberts AB.  Autocrine growth factors and cancer . Nature . 1985;;313:745-747.

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