To the Editor.— The process of stone disintegration by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) causes multiple hemorrhages in the adjacent renal parenchyma. These hemorrhages may be reabsorbed completely or may heal by scar tissue formation.1 Such changes cause reduced blood flow to the traumatized kidney in about 25% of patients, detectable immediately2 and at 18 months3 after the procedure. As many as 8% of patients may develop a sustained marked increase in blood pressure within a few days to as long as a year after ESWL.3 Because renal trauma is a well-recognized cause of renovascular hypertension and there may be a long interval between renal injury and the onset of hypertension, it is likely that there is a causal relationship between renal trauma caused by ESWL and the subsequent onset of hypertension. Both the hypertension following compression of renal parenchyma by subcapsular hematoma (Page kidney) and
Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature
Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal
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