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February 24, 1989, Vol 261, No. 8 >
ARTICLE | February 24, 1989

Contrasting Effects of Testosterone and Stanozolol on Serum Lipoprotein Levels FREE

Paul D. Thompson, MD; Eileen M. Cullinane; Stanley P. Sady, PhD; Claire Chenevert; Ann L. Saritelli; Mina A. Sady; Peter N. Herbert, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Presented in part at the American Heart Association's 60th Session, Anaheim, Calif, November 17, 1987.

Reprint requests to The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Ave, Providence, RI 02906 (Dr Thompson).


JAMA. 1989;261(8):1165-1168. doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03420080085036
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References

Oral anabolic steroids produce striking reductions in serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. We hypothesized that this effect related to their route of administration and was unrelated to their androgenic potency. We administered oral stanozolol (6 mg/d) or supraphysiological doses of intramuscular testosterone enanthate (200 mg/wk) to 11 male weight lifters for six weeks in a crossover design. Stanozolol reduced HDL-cholesterol and the HDL2 subfraction by 33% and 71%, respectively. In contrast, testosterone decreased HDL-cholesterol concentration by only 9% and the decrease was in the HDL3 subfraction. Apolipoprotein A-I level decreased 40% during stanozolol but only 8% during testosterone treatment. The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration increased 29% with stanozolol and decreased 16% with testosterone treatment. Stanozolol, moreover, increased postheparin hepatic triglyceride lipase activity by 123%, whereas the maximum change during testosterone therapy ( + 25%) was not significant. Weight gain was similar with both drugs, but testosterone was more effective in suppressing gonadotropic hormones. We conclude that the undesirable lipoprotein effects of 17-α-alkylated steroids given orally are different from those of parenteral testosterone and that the latter may be preferable in many clinical situations.

(JAMA. 1989;261:1165-1168)

REFERENCES

1 +
Taggart H McA, Applebaum-Bowden D, Haffner S, et al:  Reduction in high density lipoproteins by anabolic steroid (stanozolol) therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis . Metabolism 1982;;311:1147-1152.
2 +
Murad F, Haynes RC Jr:  Androgens , in Gilman AG, Goodman LS, Rall TW, et al (eds): The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics . New York, Macmillan Publishing Co Inc, 1985;, pp 1440-1458.
3 +
Allen JK, Fraser IS:  Cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and danazol . J Endocrinol Metab 1981;;53:149-152.
4 +
Cowart V:  Steroids in sports: After four decades, time to return these genies to bottle? JAMA 1987;;257:421-429.
5 +
Hurley BF, Seals DR, Hagberg JM, et al:  High-density—lipoprotein cholesterol in bodybuilders v powerlifters . JAMA 1984;;252:507-513.
6 +
Webb OL, Laskarzewski PM, Glueck CJ:  Severe depression of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in weight lifters and body builders by self-administered exogenous testosterone and anabolic-androgenic steroids . Metabolism 1984;;33:971-975.
7 +
Kantor MA, Bianchini A, Bernier D, et al:  Androgens reduce HDL2-cholesterol and increase hepatic triglyceride lipase activity . Med Sci Sports Exerc 1985;;17:462-465.
8 +
Haffner SM, Kushwaha RS, Foster DM, et al:  Studies on the metabolic mechanism of reduced high density lipoproteins during anabolic steroid therapy . Metabolism 1983;;32:413-420.
9 +
Applebaum-Bowden D, Haffner SM, Hazzard WR:  The dyslipoproteinemia of anabolic steroid therapy: Increase in hepatic triglyceride lipase precedes the decrease in high density lipoprotein2 cholesterol . Metabolism 1987;;36:949-952.
10 +
Eisenberg S:  High density lipoprotein metabolism . J Lipid Res 1984;;25:1017-1058.
11 +
Chetkowski RJ, Meldrum DR, Steingold KA, et al:  Biologic effects of transdermal estradiol . N Engl J Med 1986;;314:1615-1620.
12 +
Sady SP, Thompson PD, Cullinane EM, et al:  Prolonged exercise augments plasma triglyceride clearance . JAMA 1986;;256:2552-2555.
13 +
Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS:  Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge . Clin Chem 1972;;18: 499-502.
14 +
Gidez LI, Miller GJ, Burstein M, et al:  Separation and quantitation of subclasses of human plasma high density lipoproteins by a simple precipitation procedure . J Lipid Res 1982;;23:1206-1223.
15 +
Herbert PN, Hyams JS, Bernier DN, et al:  Apolipoprotein B-100 deficiency: Intestinal steatosis despite apolipoprotein B-48 synthesis . J Clin Invest 1985;;76:403-412.
16 +
Winer BJ: Statistical Principles in Experimental Design . New York, McGraw-Hill International Book Co, 1971;, pp 514-603.
17 +
Glantz SA: Primer of Biostatistics . New York, McGraw-Hill International Book Co, 1987;, pp 88-91.
18 +
 Androgens , in Drug Facts and Comparisons . New York, JB Lippincott, 1986;, pp 109-113.
19 +
Heiss G, Johnson NJ, Reiland S, et al:  The epidemiology of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: The Lipid Research Clinics program prevalence study . Circulation 1980;;62( (suppl 4) ):116-136.
20 +
Alen M, Reinila M, Vihko R:  Response of serum hormones to androgen administration in power athletes . Med Sci Sports Exerc 1985;;17:354-359.
21 +
Rifkind BM:  Gemfibrozil, lipids, and coronary risk . N Engl J Med 1987;;317:1279-1281.

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1 +
Taggart H McA, Applebaum-Bowden D, Haffner S, et al:  Reduction in high density lipoproteins by anabolic steroid (stanozolol) therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis . Metabolism 1982;;311:1147-1152.
2 +
Murad F, Haynes RC Jr:  Androgens , in Gilman AG, Goodman LS, Rall TW, et al (eds): The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics . New York, Macmillan Publishing Co Inc, 1985;, pp 1440-1458.
3 +
Allen JK, Fraser IS:  Cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and danazol . J Endocrinol Metab 1981;;53:149-152.
4 +
Cowart V:  Steroids in sports: After four decades, time to return these genies to bottle? JAMA 1987;;257:421-429.
5 +
Hurley BF, Seals DR, Hagberg JM, et al:  High-density—lipoprotein cholesterol in bodybuilders v powerlifters . JAMA 1984;;252:507-513.
6 +
Webb OL, Laskarzewski PM, Glueck CJ:  Severe depression of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in weight lifters and body builders by self-administered exogenous testosterone and anabolic-androgenic steroids . Metabolism 1984;;33:971-975.
7 +
Kantor MA, Bianchini A, Bernier D, et al:  Androgens reduce HDL2-cholesterol and increase hepatic triglyceride lipase activity . Med Sci Sports Exerc 1985;;17:462-465.
8 +
Haffner SM, Kushwaha RS, Foster DM, et al:  Studies on the metabolic mechanism of reduced high density lipoproteins during anabolic steroid therapy . Metabolism 1983;;32:413-420.
9 +
Applebaum-Bowden D, Haffner SM, Hazzard WR:  The dyslipoproteinemia of anabolic steroid therapy: Increase in hepatic triglyceride lipase precedes the decrease in high density lipoprotein2 cholesterol . Metabolism 1987;;36:949-952.
10 +
Eisenberg S:  High density lipoprotein metabolism . J Lipid Res 1984;;25:1017-1058.
11 +
Chetkowski RJ, Meldrum DR, Steingold KA, et al:  Biologic effects of transdermal estradiol . N Engl J Med 1986;;314:1615-1620.
12 +
Sady SP, Thompson PD, Cullinane EM, et al:  Prolonged exercise augments plasma triglyceride clearance . JAMA 1986;;256:2552-2555.
13 +
Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS:  Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge . Clin Chem 1972;;18: 499-502.
14 +
Gidez LI, Miller GJ, Burstein M, et al:  Separation and quantitation of subclasses of human plasma high density lipoproteins by a simple precipitation procedure . J Lipid Res 1982;;23:1206-1223.
15 +
Herbert PN, Hyams JS, Bernier DN, et al:  Apolipoprotein B-100 deficiency: Intestinal steatosis despite apolipoprotein B-48 synthesis . J Clin Invest 1985;;76:403-412.
16 +
Winer BJ: Statistical Principles in Experimental Design . New York, McGraw-Hill International Book Co, 1971;, pp 514-603.
17 +
Glantz SA: Primer of Biostatistics . New York, McGraw-Hill International Book Co, 1987;, pp 88-91.
18 +
 Androgens , in Drug Facts and Comparisons . New York, JB Lippincott, 1986;, pp 109-113.
19 +
Heiss G, Johnson NJ, Reiland S, et al:  The epidemiology of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: The Lipid Research Clinics program prevalence study . Circulation 1980;;62( (suppl 4) ):116-136.
20 +
Alen M, Reinila M, Vihko R:  Response of serum hormones to androgen administration in power athletes . Med Sci Sports Exerc 1985;;17:354-359.
21 +
Rifkind BM:  Gemfibrozil, lipids, and coronary risk . N Engl J Med 1987;;317:1279-1281.

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