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Risks Associated With Human Parvovirus B19 Infection FREE

JAMA. 1989;261(11):1555-1563. doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03420110029006
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REFERENCES

Cossart YE, Field AM, Cant B, Widdows D.  Parvovirus-like particles in human sera . Lancet 1975;;1:72-3.
Anderson MJ, Jones SE, Fisher-Hoch SP, et al.  Human parvovirus, the cause of erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)? (Letter) . Lancet 1983;;1:1378.
Anderson MJ, Lewis E, Kidd IM, Hall SM, Cohen BJ.  An outbreak of erythema infectiosum associated with human parvovirus infection . J Hyg (Lond) 1984;;93:85-93.
Pattison JR, Jones SE, Hodgson J, et al.  Parvovirus infections and hypoplastic crisis in sickle-cell anaemia (Letter). Lancet 1981;;1:664-5.
Knott PD, Welply GAC, Anderson MJ.  Serologically proved intrauterine infection with parvovirus . Br Med J 1984;;289:1660.
Brown T, Anand A, Ritchie LD, Clewley JP, Reid TMS.  Intrauterine parvovirus infection associated with hydrops fetalis (Letter) . Lancet 1984;;2:1033-4.
White DG, Woolf AD, Mortimer PP, Cohen BJ, Blake DR, Bacon PA.  Human parvovirus arthropathy . Lancet 1985;;1:419-21.
Reid DM, Reid TMS, Brown T, Rennie JAN, Eastmond CJ.  Human parvovirus-associated arthritis: a clinical and laboratory description . Lancet 1985;;1:4225.
Van Horn DK, Mortimer PP, Young N, Hanson GR.  Human parvovirus-associated red cell aplasia in the absence of underlying hemolytic anemia . Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1986;;8:235-9.
Kurtzman GJ, Ozawa K, Cohen B, Hanson G, Oseas R, Young NS.  Chronic bone marrow failure due to persistent B19 parvovirus infection . N Engl J Med 1987;;317:287-94.
Davidson JE, Gibson B, Gibson A, Evans TJ.  Parvovirus infection, leukaemia, and immunodeficiency (Letter) . Lancet 1989;;1:102.
Smith MA, Shah NR, Lobel JS, Cera PJ, Gary GW, Anderson LJ.  Severe anemia caused by human parvovirus in a leukemia patient on maintenance chemotherapy . Clin Pediatr 1988;:27:383-6.
Kurtzman GJ, Cohen B, Meyers P, Amunullah A, Young NS.  Persistent B19 parvovirus infection as a cause of severe chronic anaemia in children with acute lymphocytic leukaemia . Lancet 1988;; 2:1159-62.
Coulombel L, Morinet F, Mielot F, Tchernia G.  Parvovirus infection, leukaemia, and immunodeficiency (Letter) . Lancet 1989;;1:101-2.
Siegl G, Bates RC, Berns KI, et al.  Characteristics and taxonomy of Parvoviridae . Intervirology 1985;;23:61-73.
Paver WK, Clarke SKR.  Comparison of human fecal and serum parvo-like viruses . J Clin Micriol 1976;;4:67-70.
Simpson RW, McGinty L, Simon L, Smith CA, Godzeski CW, Boyd RJ.  Association of parvoviruses with rheumatoid arthritis of humans . Science 1984;;223:1425-8.
Anderson LJ.  Role of parvovirus B19 in human disease . Pediatr Infect Dis J 1987;;6:711-8.
Plummer FA, Hammond GW, Forward K, et al.  An erythema infectiosum-like illness caused by human parvovirus infection . N Engl J Med 1985;; 313:74-9.
Chorba T, Coccia P, Holman RC, et al.  The role of parvovirus B19 in aplastic crisis and erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) . J Infect Dis 1986;; 154:383-93.
Ager EA, Chin TDY, Poland JD.  Epidemic erythema infectiosum . N Engl J Med 1966;; 275: 1326-31.
Serjeant GR, Goldstein AR.  B19 virus infection and the aplastic crisis . In: Pattison JR, ed. Parvoviruses and human disease . Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1988;:85-92.
Young N.  Hematologic and hematopoietic consequences of B19 parvovirus infection . Semin Hematol 1988;;25:159-72.
Anderson LJ, Hurwitz ES.  Human parvovirus B19 and pregnancy . Clin Perinatol 1988;;15:273-86.
Porter HJ, Khong TY, Evans MF, Chan VT-W, Fleming KA.  Parvovirus as a cause of hydrops fetalis: detection by in situ DNA hybridisation . J Clin Pathol 1988;;41:381-3.
Anderson MJ, Khousam MN, Maxwell DJ, Gould SJ, Happerfield LC, Smith WJ.  Human parvovirus B19 and hydrops fetalis (Letter) . Lancet 1988;;1:535.
Franciosi RA, Tattersall P.  Fetal infection with human parvovirus B19 . Hum Pathol 1988;; 19:489-91.
Caul EO, Usher MJ, Burton PA.  Intrauterine infection with human parvovirus B19: a light and electron microscopy study . J Med Virol 1988;;24:55-66.
Porter HJ, Quantrill AM, Fleming KA.  B19 parvovirus infection of myocardial cells (Letter) . Lancet 1988;;1:535-6.
Public Health Laboratory Service Working Party on Fifth Disease.  Study of human parvovirus (B19) infection in pregnancy . Comm Dis Rep 1987;;87:20-3.
Edmonds L, Hatch M, Holmes L, et al.  Guidelines for reproductive studies in exposed human population . In: Bloom AD, Paul NW, eds. Guidelines for studies of human populations exposed to mutagenic and reproductive hazards: proceedings of conference held January 26-27, 1981, in Washington, DC . White Plains, New York: March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, 1981;:71.
Kinney JS, Anderson LJ, Farrar J, et al.  Risk of adverse outcomes of pregnancy after human parvovirus B19 infection . J Infect Dis 1988;;157:663-7.
Siegl G.  Biology and pathogenicity of autonomous parvoviruses . In: Berns KI, ed. The parvoviruses . New York: Plenum Press, 1984;:297-362.
Weiland HT, Vermey-Keers C, Salimans MMM, Fleuren GJ, Verwey RA, Anderson MJ.  Parvovirus B19 associated with fetal abnormality (Letter) . Lancet 1987;;1:682-3.
Rodis JF, Hovick TJ Jr, Quinn DL, Rosengren SS, Tattersall P.  Human parvovirus infection in pregnancy . Obstet Gynecol 1988;;72:733-8.
Young N, Harrison M, Moore J, Mortimer P, Humphries RK.  Direct demonstration of the human parvovirus in erythroid progenitor cells infected in vitro . J Clin Invest 1984;; 74:20b4-32.
Anderson MJ, Higgins PG, Davis LR, et al.  Experimental parvoviral infection in humans . J Infect Dis 1985;;152:257-65.
Potter CG, Potter AC, Hatton CSR, et al.  Variation of erythroid and myeloid precursors in the marrow and peripheral blood of volunteer subjects infected with human parvovirus (B19) . J Clin Invest 1987;;79:1486-92.
Carrington D, Gilmore, DH, Whittle MJ, et al.  Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein—a marker of fetal aplastic crisis during intrauterine human parvovirus infection . Lancet 1987;;1:433-5.
Schwarz TF, Roggendorf M, Deinhardt F. (Letter). Lancet 1987;;1:739-41.
Anand A, Gray ES, Brown T, Clewley JP, Cohen BJ.  Human parvovirus infection in pregnancy and hydrops fetalis . N Engl J Med 1987;;316:183-6.
Bond PR, Caul EO, Usher J, Cohen BJ, Clewley JP, Field AM.  Intrauterine infection with human parvovirus (Letter) . Lancet 1986;;1:448-9.
Woernle CH, Anderson LJ, Tattersall P, Davison JM.  Human parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy . J Infect Dis 1987;;156:17-20.
Maeda H, Shimokawa H, Satoh S, Nakano H, Nunoue T.  Nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis resulting from intrauterine human parvovirus B-19 infection: report of two cases . Obstet Gynecol 1988;; 72:482-5.
Courouce AM, Ferchal F, Morinet F, et al.  Human parvovirus infections in France (Letter) . Lancet 1984;;1:160.
Okochi K, Mori R, Miyazaki M, Cohen BJ, Mortimer PP.  Nakatani antigen and human parvovirus (B19) (Letter) . Lancet 1984;;1:160-1.
Goldstein AR, Anderson MJ, Serjeant GR.  Parvovirus associated aplastic crisis in homozygous sickle cell disease . Arch Dis Child 1987;;62:5854-8.
Anderson MJ, Cohen BJ.  Human parvovirus B19 infections in United Kingdom 1984-86 (Letter) . Lancet 1987;;1:738-9.
Naides SJ.  Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) occurrence in Iowa . Am J Public Health 1988;; 78:1230-1.
Anderson MJ, Cherry JD.  Parvoviruses . In: Feigin RD, Cherry JD, eds. Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases . 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1987;:1646-53.
Cohen BJ, Buckley MM.  The prevalence of antibody to human parvovirus B19 in England and Wales . J Med Microbiol 1988;;25:151-3.
Mortimer PP, Cohen BJ, Buckley MM, et al.  Human parvovirus and the fetus (Letter) . Lancet 1985;;2:1012.
Saarinen UA, Chorba TL, Tattersall P, et al.  Human parvovirus B19-induced epidemic acute red cell aplasia in patients with hereditary hemolytic anemia . Blood 1986;;67:1411-7.
Mortimer PP, Luban NLC, Kelleher JF, Cohen BJ.  Transmission of serum parvovirus-like virus by clotting-factor concentrates . Lancet 1983;;2:482-4.
Bartolomei Corsi O, Absi A, Morfini M, Fanci R, Rossi Ferrini P.  Human parvovirus infection in haemophiliacs first infused with treated clotting factor concentrates . J Med Virol 1988;;25:165-70.
Shneerson JM, Mortimer PP, Vandervelde EM.  Febrile illness due to a parvovirus . Br Med J 1980;;1:1580.
Cohen BJ, Mortimer PP, Pereira MS.  Diagnostic assays with monoclonal antibodies for the human serum parvovirus-like virus (SPLV) . J Hyg (Lond) 1983;;91:113-30.
Anderson LJ, Tsou C, Parker RA, et al.  Detection of antibodies and antigens of human parvovirus B19 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay . J Clin Microbiol 1986;;24:522-6.
Ozawa K, Kurtzman G, Young N.  Productive infection by B19 parvovirus of human erythroid bone marrow cells in vitro . Blood 1987;;70:384-91.
Mortimer PP, Humphries RK, Moore JG, Purcell RH, Young NS.  A human parvovirus-like virus inhibits haematopoietic colony formation in vitro . Nature 1983;;302:426-9.
Young NS, Mortimer PP, Moore JG, Humphries RK.  Characterization of a virus that causes transient aplastic crisis . J Clin Invest 1984;;73:224-30.
Kajigaya S, Fujita S, Ozawa K, et al.  A cell line that expresses B19 parvovirus structural proteins and produces empty capsids (Abstract no. 86) . Blood 1988;;72( (suppl 1) ).
Anderson MJ, Jones SE, Minson AC.  Diagnosis of human parvovirus infection by dot-blot hybridization using cloned viral DNA . J Med Virol 1985;;15:163-72.
Clewley JP.  Detection of human parvovirus using a molecularly cloned probe . J Med Virol 1985;;15:173-81.
Kurtzman GJ, Gascon P, Caras M, Cohen B, Young NS.  B19 parvovirus replicates in circulating cells of acutely infected patients . Blood 1988;; 71:1448-54.
Knisely AS, O'Shea PA, McMillan P, Singer DB, Magid MS.  Electron microscopic identification of parvovirus virions in erythroid-line cells in fatal hydrops fetalis . Pediatr Pathol 1988;;8:163-70.
Ozawa K, Kurtzman G, Young N.  Replication of the B19 parvovirus in human bone marrow cell cultures . Science 1986;;233:883-6.
Cotmore SF, McKie VC, Anderson LJ, Astell CR, Tattersall P.  Identification of the major structural and nonstructural proteins encoded by human parvovirus B19 and mapping of their genes by procaryotic expression of isolated genomic fragments . J Virol 1986;;60:548-57.
Garner JS, Simmons BP.  Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals . Infect Control 1983;; 4( (suppl) ):245-325.
Evans JPM, Rossiter MA, Kumaran TO, Marsh GW, Mortimer PP.  Human parvovirus aplasia: case due to cross infection in a ward . Br Med J 1984;;288:681.
Cohen BJ, Courouce AM, Schwarz TF, Okochi K, Kurtzman GJ.  Laboratory infection with parvovirus B19 (Letter) . J Clin Pathol 1988;;41:1027-8.
Schwarz TF, Roggendorf M, Hottentrager B, et al.  Human parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy (Letter) . Lancet 1988;;2:566-7.
The information and recommendations in this document were developed and compiled by CDC in consultation with representatives of the American Academy of Family Physicians, American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American College of Physicians, Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, Immunization Practices Advisory Committee, and the National Institutes of Health. The consultants also included MJ Anderson, PhD, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London; SM Hall, MBBS, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London; and GR Serjeant MBBS, University of West Indies, Kingston. These recommendations may not reflect the views of individual consultants or the organizations they represented. (This concludes the second and final part of the report.)

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

Cossart YE, Field AM, Cant B, Widdows D.  Parvovirus-like particles in human sera . Lancet 1975;;1:72-3.
Anderson MJ, Jones SE, Fisher-Hoch SP, et al.  Human parvovirus, the cause of erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)? (Letter) . Lancet 1983;;1:1378.
Anderson MJ, Lewis E, Kidd IM, Hall SM, Cohen BJ.  An outbreak of erythema infectiosum associated with human parvovirus infection . J Hyg (Lond) 1984;;93:85-93.
Pattison JR, Jones SE, Hodgson J, et al.  Parvovirus infections and hypoplastic crisis in sickle-cell anaemia (Letter). Lancet 1981;;1:664-5.
Knott PD, Welply GAC, Anderson MJ.  Serologically proved intrauterine infection with parvovirus . Br Med J 1984;;289:1660.
Brown T, Anand A, Ritchie LD, Clewley JP, Reid TMS.  Intrauterine parvovirus infection associated with hydrops fetalis (Letter) . Lancet 1984;;2:1033-4.
White DG, Woolf AD, Mortimer PP, Cohen BJ, Blake DR, Bacon PA.  Human parvovirus arthropathy . Lancet 1985;;1:419-21.
Reid DM, Reid TMS, Brown T, Rennie JAN, Eastmond CJ.  Human parvovirus-associated arthritis: a clinical and laboratory description . Lancet 1985;;1:4225.
Van Horn DK, Mortimer PP, Young N, Hanson GR.  Human parvovirus-associated red cell aplasia in the absence of underlying hemolytic anemia . Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1986;;8:235-9.
Kurtzman GJ, Ozawa K, Cohen B, Hanson G, Oseas R, Young NS.  Chronic bone marrow failure due to persistent B19 parvovirus infection . N Engl J Med 1987;;317:287-94.
Davidson JE, Gibson B, Gibson A, Evans TJ.  Parvovirus infection, leukaemia, and immunodeficiency (Letter) . Lancet 1989;;1:102.
Smith MA, Shah NR, Lobel JS, Cera PJ, Gary GW, Anderson LJ.  Severe anemia caused by human parvovirus in a leukemia patient on maintenance chemotherapy . Clin Pediatr 1988;:27:383-6.
Kurtzman GJ, Cohen B, Meyers P, Amunullah A, Young NS.  Persistent B19 parvovirus infection as a cause of severe chronic anaemia in children with acute lymphocytic leukaemia . Lancet 1988;; 2:1159-62.
Coulombel L, Morinet F, Mielot F, Tchernia G.  Parvovirus infection, leukaemia, and immunodeficiency (Letter) . Lancet 1989;;1:101-2.
Siegl G, Bates RC, Berns KI, et al.  Characteristics and taxonomy of Parvoviridae . Intervirology 1985;;23:61-73.
Paver WK, Clarke SKR.  Comparison of human fecal and serum parvo-like viruses . J Clin Micriol 1976;;4:67-70.
Simpson RW, McGinty L, Simon L, Smith CA, Godzeski CW, Boyd RJ.  Association of parvoviruses with rheumatoid arthritis of humans . Science 1984;;223:1425-8.
Anderson LJ.  Role of parvovirus B19 in human disease . Pediatr Infect Dis J 1987;;6:711-8.
Plummer FA, Hammond GW, Forward K, et al.  An erythema infectiosum-like illness caused by human parvovirus infection . N Engl J Med 1985;; 313:74-9.
Chorba T, Coccia P, Holman RC, et al.  The role of parvovirus B19 in aplastic crisis and erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) . J Infect Dis 1986;; 154:383-93.
Ager EA, Chin TDY, Poland JD.  Epidemic erythema infectiosum . N Engl J Med 1966;; 275: 1326-31.
Serjeant GR, Goldstein AR.  B19 virus infection and the aplastic crisis . In: Pattison JR, ed. Parvoviruses and human disease . Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1988;:85-92.
Young N.  Hematologic and hematopoietic consequences of B19 parvovirus infection . Semin Hematol 1988;;25:159-72.
Anderson LJ, Hurwitz ES.  Human parvovirus B19 and pregnancy . Clin Perinatol 1988;;15:273-86.
Porter HJ, Khong TY, Evans MF, Chan VT-W, Fleming KA.  Parvovirus as a cause of hydrops fetalis: detection by in situ DNA hybridisation . J Clin Pathol 1988;;41:381-3.
Anderson MJ, Khousam MN, Maxwell DJ, Gould SJ, Happerfield LC, Smith WJ.  Human parvovirus B19 and hydrops fetalis (Letter) . Lancet 1988;;1:535.
Franciosi RA, Tattersall P.  Fetal infection with human parvovirus B19 . Hum Pathol 1988;; 19:489-91.
Caul EO, Usher MJ, Burton PA.  Intrauterine infection with human parvovirus B19: a light and electron microscopy study . J Med Virol 1988;;24:55-66.
Porter HJ, Quantrill AM, Fleming KA.  B19 parvovirus infection of myocardial cells (Letter) . Lancet 1988;;1:535-6.
Public Health Laboratory Service Working Party on Fifth Disease.  Study of human parvovirus (B19) infection in pregnancy . Comm Dis Rep 1987;;87:20-3.
Edmonds L, Hatch M, Holmes L, et al.  Guidelines for reproductive studies in exposed human population . In: Bloom AD, Paul NW, eds. Guidelines for studies of human populations exposed to mutagenic and reproductive hazards: proceedings of conference held January 26-27, 1981, in Washington, DC . White Plains, New York: March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, 1981;:71.
Kinney JS, Anderson LJ, Farrar J, et al.  Risk of adverse outcomes of pregnancy after human parvovirus B19 infection . J Infect Dis 1988;;157:663-7.
Siegl G.  Biology and pathogenicity of autonomous parvoviruses . In: Berns KI, ed. The parvoviruses . New York: Plenum Press, 1984;:297-362.
Weiland HT, Vermey-Keers C, Salimans MMM, Fleuren GJ, Verwey RA, Anderson MJ.  Parvovirus B19 associated with fetal abnormality (Letter) . Lancet 1987;;1:682-3.
Rodis JF, Hovick TJ Jr, Quinn DL, Rosengren SS, Tattersall P.  Human parvovirus infection in pregnancy . Obstet Gynecol 1988;;72:733-8.
Young N, Harrison M, Moore J, Mortimer P, Humphries RK.  Direct demonstration of the human parvovirus in erythroid progenitor cells infected in vitro . J Clin Invest 1984;; 74:20b4-32.
Anderson MJ, Higgins PG, Davis LR, et al.  Experimental parvoviral infection in humans . J Infect Dis 1985;;152:257-65.
Potter CG, Potter AC, Hatton CSR, et al.  Variation of erythroid and myeloid precursors in the marrow and peripheral blood of volunteer subjects infected with human parvovirus (B19) . J Clin Invest 1987;;79:1486-92.
Carrington D, Gilmore, DH, Whittle MJ, et al.  Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein—a marker of fetal aplastic crisis during intrauterine human parvovirus infection . Lancet 1987;;1:433-5.
Schwarz TF, Roggendorf M, Deinhardt F. (Letter). Lancet 1987;;1:739-41.
Anand A, Gray ES, Brown T, Clewley JP, Cohen BJ.  Human parvovirus infection in pregnancy and hydrops fetalis . N Engl J Med 1987;;316:183-6.
Bond PR, Caul EO, Usher J, Cohen BJ, Clewley JP, Field AM.  Intrauterine infection with human parvovirus (Letter) . Lancet 1986;;1:448-9.
Woernle CH, Anderson LJ, Tattersall P, Davison JM.  Human parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy . J Infect Dis 1987;;156:17-20.
Maeda H, Shimokawa H, Satoh S, Nakano H, Nunoue T.  Nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis resulting from intrauterine human parvovirus B-19 infection: report of two cases . Obstet Gynecol 1988;; 72:482-5.
Courouce AM, Ferchal F, Morinet F, et al.  Human parvovirus infections in France (Letter) . Lancet 1984;;1:160.
Okochi K, Mori R, Miyazaki M, Cohen BJ, Mortimer PP.  Nakatani antigen and human parvovirus (B19) (Letter) . Lancet 1984;;1:160-1.
Goldstein AR, Anderson MJ, Serjeant GR.  Parvovirus associated aplastic crisis in homozygous sickle cell disease . Arch Dis Child 1987;;62:5854-8.
Anderson MJ, Cohen BJ.  Human parvovirus B19 infections in United Kingdom 1984-86 (Letter) . Lancet 1987;;1:738-9.
Naides SJ.  Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) occurrence in Iowa . Am J Public Health 1988;; 78:1230-1.
Anderson MJ, Cherry JD.  Parvoviruses . In: Feigin RD, Cherry JD, eds. Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases . 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1987;:1646-53.
Cohen BJ, Buckley MM.  The prevalence of antibody to human parvovirus B19 in England and Wales . J Med Microbiol 1988;;25:151-3.
Mortimer PP, Cohen BJ, Buckley MM, et al.  Human parvovirus and the fetus (Letter) . Lancet 1985;;2:1012.
Saarinen UA, Chorba TL, Tattersall P, et al.  Human parvovirus B19-induced epidemic acute red cell aplasia in patients with hereditary hemolytic anemia . Blood 1986;;67:1411-7.
Mortimer PP, Luban NLC, Kelleher JF, Cohen BJ.  Transmission of serum parvovirus-like virus by clotting-factor concentrates . Lancet 1983;;2:482-4.
Bartolomei Corsi O, Absi A, Morfini M, Fanci R, Rossi Ferrini P.  Human parvovirus infection in haemophiliacs first infused with treated clotting factor concentrates . J Med Virol 1988;;25:165-70.
Shneerson JM, Mortimer PP, Vandervelde EM.  Febrile illness due to a parvovirus . Br Med J 1980;;1:1580.
Cohen BJ, Mortimer PP, Pereira MS.  Diagnostic assays with monoclonal antibodies for the human serum parvovirus-like virus (SPLV) . J Hyg (Lond) 1983;;91:113-30.
Anderson LJ, Tsou C, Parker RA, et al.  Detection of antibodies and antigens of human parvovirus B19 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay . J Clin Microbiol 1986;;24:522-6.
Ozawa K, Kurtzman G, Young N.  Productive infection by B19 parvovirus of human erythroid bone marrow cells in vitro . Blood 1987;;70:384-91.
Mortimer PP, Humphries RK, Moore JG, Purcell RH, Young NS.  A human parvovirus-like virus inhibits haematopoietic colony formation in vitro . Nature 1983;;302:426-9.
Young NS, Mortimer PP, Moore JG, Humphries RK.  Characterization of a virus that causes transient aplastic crisis . J Clin Invest 1984;;73:224-30.
Kajigaya S, Fujita S, Ozawa K, et al.  A cell line that expresses B19 parvovirus structural proteins and produces empty capsids (Abstract no. 86) . Blood 1988;;72( (suppl 1) ).
Anderson MJ, Jones SE, Minson AC.  Diagnosis of human parvovirus infection by dot-blot hybridization using cloned viral DNA . J Med Virol 1985;;15:163-72.
Clewley JP.  Detection of human parvovirus using a molecularly cloned probe . J Med Virol 1985;;15:173-81.
Kurtzman GJ, Gascon P, Caras M, Cohen B, Young NS.  B19 parvovirus replicates in circulating cells of acutely infected patients . Blood 1988;; 71:1448-54.
Knisely AS, O'Shea PA, McMillan P, Singer DB, Magid MS.  Electron microscopic identification of parvovirus virions in erythroid-line cells in fatal hydrops fetalis . Pediatr Pathol 1988;;8:163-70.
Ozawa K, Kurtzman G, Young N.  Replication of the B19 parvovirus in human bone marrow cell cultures . Science 1986;;233:883-6.
Cotmore SF, McKie VC, Anderson LJ, Astell CR, Tattersall P.  Identification of the major structural and nonstructural proteins encoded by human parvovirus B19 and mapping of their genes by procaryotic expression of isolated genomic fragments . J Virol 1986;;60:548-57.
Garner JS, Simmons BP.  Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals . Infect Control 1983;; 4( (suppl) ):245-325.
Evans JPM, Rossiter MA, Kumaran TO, Marsh GW, Mortimer PP.  Human parvovirus aplasia: case due to cross infection in a ward . Br Med J 1984;;288:681.
Cohen BJ, Courouce AM, Schwarz TF, Okochi K, Kurtzman GJ.  Laboratory infection with parvovirus B19 (Letter) . J Clin Pathol 1988;;41:1027-8.
Schwarz TF, Roggendorf M, Hottentrager B, et al.  Human parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy (Letter) . Lancet 1988;;2:566-7.
The information and recommendations in this document were developed and compiled by CDC in consultation with representatives of the American Academy of Family Physicians, American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American College of Physicians, Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, Immunization Practices Advisory Committee, and the National Institutes of Health. The consultants also included MJ Anderson, PhD, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London; SM Hall, MBBS, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London; and GR Serjeant MBBS, University of West Indies, Kingston. These recommendations may not reflect the views of individual consultants or the organizations they represented. (This concludes the second and final part of the report.)
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