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December 16, 1988, Vol 260, No. 23 >
ARTICLE | December 16, 1988

Why Fear Persists: Health Care Professionals and AIDS FREE

Barbara Gerbert, PhD; Bryan Maguire; Victor Badner, DMD; David Altman, MD; George Stone, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to Division of Behavioral Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0754 (Dr Gerbert).


JAMA. 1988;260(23):3481-3483. doi:10.1001/jama.1988.03410230099037
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References

ACQUIRED immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a frightening disease. Recent studies of dental professionals, physicians, and nurses have documented that fear is a basic and persistent reaction to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. We have found, for example, that among a sample of dental providers in California, 81% of dentists and dental hygienists and 86% of dental assistants believed they would be at increased risk for infection if they treated people with AIDS.1,2 Physicians who worry about AIDS have reported increased stress. In one study, 40% of medical house officers and 24% of pediatric house officers said their levels of stress had risen either moderately or extremely because they were concerned about getting AIDS.3 More than half of the nurses in one study (59%) believed that AIDS could be transmitted to hospital personnel despite infection control precautions.4 These studies and others show that getting AIDS from a

REFERENCES

1 +
Gerbert B:  AIDS and infection control in dental practice: Changing dentists' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors . J Am Dent Assoc 1987;;114:311-314.
2 +
Gerbert B, Badner V, Maguire B:  AIDS and dental practice . J Public Health Dent 1988;;48:68-73.
3 +
Cooke M, Koenig B:  Housestaff attitudes towards the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Presented at the Third International Conference on AIDS, Washington, DC, June 4,1987 .
4 +
Blumenfield M, Smith PJ, Milazzo J, et al:  Survey of attitudes of nurses working with AIDS patients . Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1987;;9:58-63.
5 +
Loewy EH:  Duties, fears and physicians . Soc Sci Med 1986;;22:1363-1366.
6 +
Zuger A, Miles SH:  Physicians, AIDS, and occupational risk: Historic traditions and ethical obligations . JAMA 1987;;258:1924-1928.
7 +
McCray E:  The Cooperative Needlestick Surveillance Group: Occupational risk of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among health care workers . N Engl J Med 1986;;314:1127-1132.
8 +
Henderson DK, Saah AJ, Zak BJ, et al:  Risk of nosocomial infection with human T-cell lymphotophic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus in a large cohort of intensively exposed health care workers . Ann Intern Med 1986;;104:644-647.
9 +
Klein RS, Phelan JA, Freeman K, et al:  Low occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection among dental professionals . N Engl J Med 1988;;318:86-90.
10 +
 Update: Human immunodeficiency virus infections in health care workers exposed to blood of infected patients . MMWR 1987;;36:285-289.
11 +
 Update: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus infection among health care workers . MMWR 1988;;37:229-239.
12 +
Facts About AIDS for the Dental Team . Chicago, American Dental Association, 1986;.
13 +
Kahneman D, Tversky A:  Choices, values, and frames . Am Psychol 1984;;39:341-350.
14 +
Gerberding JL, Henderson DK:  Design of rational infection control policies for human immunodeficiency virus infection . J Infect Dis 1987;;156:861-864.
15 +
Hagen MD, Meyer KB, Pauker SG:  Routine preoperative screening for HIV: Does the risk to the surgeon outweigh the risk to the patient? JAMA 1988;;259:1357-1359.
16 +
Arnold SG, Whitman JE, Fox CH, et al:  Latex gloves not enough to exclude viruses . Nature 1988;;335:19.
17 +
Brennan TA:  The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as an occupational disease . Ann Intern Med 1987;;107:581-583.
18 +
Barker T:  Physician sues Johns Hopkins after contracting AIDS . Am Med News , (June 19) , 1987;, p 8.
19 +
Kouzes JM, Mico PR:  Domain theory: An introduction to organizational behavior in human service organizations . J Appl Behav Sci 1979;;15:449-469.
20 +
Shilts R: And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic . New York, St Martin's Press, 1987;.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Gerbert B:  AIDS and infection control in dental practice: Changing dentists' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors . J Am Dent Assoc 1987;;114:311-314.
2 +
Gerbert B, Badner V, Maguire B:  AIDS and dental practice . J Public Health Dent 1988;;48:68-73.
3 +
Cooke M, Koenig B:  Housestaff attitudes towards the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . Presented at the Third International Conference on AIDS, Washington, DC, June 4,1987 .
4 +
Blumenfield M, Smith PJ, Milazzo J, et al:  Survey of attitudes of nurses working with AIDS patients . Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1987;;9:58-63.
5 +
Loewy EH:  Duties, fears and physicians . Soc Sci Med 1986;;22:1363-1366.
6 +
Zuger A, Miles SH:  Physicians, AIDS, and occupational risk: Historic traditions and ethical obligations . JAMA 1987;;258:1924-1928.
7 +
McCray E:  The Cooperative Needlestick Surveillance Group: Occupational risk of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among health care workers . N Engl J Med 1986;;314:1127-1132.
8 +
Henderson DK, Saah AJ, Zak BJ, et al:  Risk of nosocomial infection with human T-cell lymphotophic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus in a large cohort of intensively exposed health care workers . Ann Intern Med 1986;;104:644-647.
9 +
Klein RS, Phelan JA, Freeman K, et al:  Low occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection among dental professionals . N Engl J Med 1988;;318:86-90.
10 +
 Update: Human immunodeficiency virus infections in health care workers exposed to blood of infected patients . MMWR 1987;;36:285-289.
11 +
 Update: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus infection among health care workers . MMWR 1988;;37:229-239.
12 +
Facts About AIDS for the Dental Team . Chicago, American Dental Association, 1986;.
13 +
Kahneman D, Tversky A:  Choices, values, and frames . Am Psychol 1984;;39:341-350.
14 +
Gerberding JL, Henderson DK:  Design of rational infection control policies for human immunodeficiency virus infection . J Infect Dis 1987;;156:861-864.
15 +
Hagen MD, Meyer KB, Pauker SG:  Routine preoperative screening for HIV: Does the risk to the surgeon outweigh the risk to the patient? JAMA 1988;;259:1357-1359.
16 +
Arnold SG, Whitman JE, Fox CH, et al:  Latex gloves not enough to exclude viruses . Nature 1988;;335:19.
17 +
Brennan TA:  The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as an occupational disease . Ann Intern Med 1987;;107:581-583.
18 +
Barker T:  Physician sues Johns Hopkins after contracting AIDS . Am Med News , (June 19) , 1987;, p 8.
19 +
Kouzes JM, Mico PR:  Domain theory: An introduction to organizational behavior in human service organizations . J Appl Behav Sci 1979;;15:449-469.
20 +
Shilts R: And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic . New York, St Martin's Press, 1987;.

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