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ARTICLE |

Use of BCG Vaccines in the Control of Tuberculosis: A Joint Statement by the ACIP and the Advisory ACIP Committee for Elimination of Tuberculosis FREE

JAMA. 1988;260(20):2983-2991. doi:10.1001/jama.1988.03410200027007
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REFERENCES

Romanus V.  Tuberculosis in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-immunized and unimmunized children in Sweden: a ten-year evaluation following the cessation of general Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunization of the newborn in 1975 . Pediatr Infect Dis 1987;;6:272-80.
Smith PG.  Case-control studies of the efficacy of BCG against tuberculosis . In: International Union Against Tuberculosis, ed. Proceedings of the XXVIth IUAT World Conference on Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases . Singapore, Japan: Professional Postgraduate Services, International, 1987;:73-9.
Padungchan S, Konjanart S, Kasiratta S, Daramas S, ten Dam HG.  The effectiveness of BCG vaccination of the newborn against childhood tuberculosis in Bangkok . Bull WHO 1986;;64:247-58.
Tidjani O, Amedome A, ten Dam HG.  The protective effect of BCG vaccination of the newborn against childhood tuberculosis in an African community . Tubercle 1986;;67:269-81.
CDC.  Tuberculosis, final data—United States, 1986 . MMWR 1987;;36:817-20.
Slutkin G.  Management of tuberculosis in urban homeless indigents . Public Health Rep 1986;; 101:481-5.
CDC. Tuberculosis statistics: states and cities, 1985 . Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, D1986:84-5; HHS publication no. (CDC)87-8249.
CDC.  Tuberculosis and AIDS—Connecticut . MMWR 1987;;36:133-5.
Hayden CH, Bloch AB, Snider DE.  Tuberculosis among children: United States, 1985  (Abstract). Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;;135( (suppl 2) ):A74.
Vogeler DM, Burke JP.  Tuberculosis screening for hospital employees: a five-year experience in a large community hospital . Am Rev Respir Dis 1978;;117:227-32.
Ruben FL, Norden CW, Schuster N.  Analysis of a community hospital employee tuberculosis screening program 31 months after its inception . Am Rev Respir Dis 1977;;115:23-8.
Bass JB Jr, Serio RA.  The use of repeat skin tests to eliminate the booster phenomenon in serial tuberculin testing . Am Rev Respir Dis 1981;;123:394-6.
Le CT.  Cost-effectiveness of the two-step skin test for tuberculosis screening of employees in a community hospital . Infect Control 1984;;5:570-2.
Thompson NJ, Glassroth JL, Snider DE Jr, Farer LS.  The booster phenomenon in serial tuberculin testing . Am Rev Respir Dis 1979;;119:587-97.
Valenti WM, Andrews BA, Presley BA, Reifler CB.  Absence of the booster phenomenon in serial tuberculin skin testing . Am Rev Respir Dis 1982;;125:323-5.
Catanzaro A.  Nosocomial tuberculosis . Am Rev Respir Dis 1982;;125:559-62.
Geiseler PJ, Nelson KE, Crispen RG, Moses VK.  Tuberculosis in physicians: a continuing problem . Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;;133:773-8.
Chan JC, Tabak JI.  Risk of tuberculous infection among house staff in an urban teaching hospital . South Med J 1985;;78:1061-4.
American Thoracic Society, CDC.  Control of tuberculosis . Am Rev Respir Dis 1983;;128:336-42.
Farer LS.  Chemoprophylaxis . Am Rev Respir Dis 1982;;125(Pt (2) ):102-7.
Clemens JD, Chuong JJH, Feinstein AR.  The BCG controversy: a methodological and statistical reappraisal . JAMA 1983;;249:2362-9.
Tripathy SP.  Fifteen-year follow-up of the Indian BCG prevention trial. In: International Union Against Tuberculosis , ed. Proceedings of the XXVIth IUAT World Conference on Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases . Singapore, Japan: Professional Postgraduate Services, International, 1987;:69-72.
Young TK, Hershfield ES.  A case-control study to evaluate the effectiveness of mass neonatal BCG vaccination among Canadian Indians . Am J Public Health 1986;;76:783-6.
Shapiro C, Cook N, Evans D, et al.  A case-control study of BCG and childhood tuberculosis in Cali, Colombia . Int J Epidemiol 1985;;14:441-6.
Myint TT, Yin Y, Yi MM, Aye HH.  BCG test reaction in previously BCG vaccinated children . Ann Trop Paediatr 1985;;5:29-31.
Karalliedde S, Katugaha LP, Uragoda CG.  Tuberculin response of Sri Lankan children after BCG vaccination at birth . Tubercle 1987;;68:33-8.
Bahr GM, Stanford JL, Rook GAW, Rees RJW, Abdelnoor AM, Frayha GJ.  Two potential improvements to BCG and their effect on skin test reactivity in the Lebanon . Tubercle 1986;;67:205-18.
Heyworth B.  Delayed hypersensitivity to PPDS following BCG 2 vaccination in African children—an 18-month field study . Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1977;;71:251-3.
Baily GVJ, Narain R, Mayurnath S, Vallishayee RS, Guld J.  Trial of BCG vaccines in south India for tuberculosis prevention: tuberculosis prevention trial, Madras . Indian J Med Res 1980;;72( (suppl) ).
Abrahams EW.  Tuberculin hypersensitivity following BCG vaccination in Brisbane school children . Tubercle 1979;;60:109-13.
Comstock GW, Edwards LB, Nabangxang H.  Tuberculin sensitivity eight to fifteen years after BCG vaccination . Am Rev Respir Dis 1971;;103:572-5.
Stewart CJ.  Skin sensitivity to human, avian and BCG PPDs after BCG vaccination . Tubercle 1968;;49:84-91.
Guld J, Waaler H, Sundaresan TK, Kaufmann PC, ten Dam HG.  The duration of BCG-induced tuberculin sensitivity in children, and its irrelevance for revaccination: results of two 5-year prospective studies . Bull WHO 1968;;39:829-36.
Horwitz O, Bunch-Christensen K.  Correlation between tuberculin sensitivity after 2 months and 5 years among BCG vaccinated subjects . Bull WHO 1972;;47:49-58.
Orefici G, Scopetti F, Grandolfo ME, Annesi I, Kissopoulos A.  Study of a BCG vaccine: influence of dose and time . Boll Ist Sieroter Milan 1982;;61:24-8.
Fine PEM, Ponnighaus JM, Maine NP.  The relationship between delayed type hypersensitivity and protective immunity induced by mycobacterial vaccines in man . Lepr Rev 1986;;57( (suppl 2) ):275-83.
American Thoracic Society, CDC.  The tuberculin skin test . Am Rev Respir Dis 1981;; 124:356-63.
Snider DE Jr.  Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccinations and tuberculin skin tests . JAMA 1985;;253:3438-9.
American Thoracic Society, CDC.  Treatment of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in adults and children . Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;;134:355-63.
Springett VH.  The value of BCG vaccination . Tubercle 1965;;46:76-84.
Snider DE Jr, Cauthen GM.  Tuberculin skin testing of hospital employees: infection, boosting, and two-step testing . Am J Infect Control 1984;;12:305-11.
CDC. Guidelines for prevention of TB transmission in hospitals . Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service; HHS publication no. (CDC)82-8371.
CDC.  Disseminated Mycobacterium bovis infection from BCG vaccination of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . MMWR 1985;;34:227-8.
Blanche S, Le Deist F, Fischer A, et al.  Longitudinal study of 18 children with perinatal LAV/HTLV III infection: attempt at prognostic evaluation . J Pediatr 1986;;109:965-70.
World Health Organization.  Special Programme on AIDS and Expanded Programme on Immunization—joint statement: consultation on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and routine childhood immunization . Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1987;;62:297-9.
Official name: BCG Vaccine.
MMWR 1979;;28:241-4

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

Romanus V.  Tuberculosis in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-immunized and unimmunized children in Sweden: a ten-year evaluation following the cessation of general Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunization of the newborn in 1975 . Pediatr Infect Dis 1987;;6:272-80.
Smith PG.  Case-control studies of the efficacy of BCG against tuberculosis . In: International Union Against Tuberculosis, ed. Proceedings of the XXVIth IUAT World Conference on Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases . Singapore, Japan: Professional Postgraduate Services, International, 1987;:73-9.
Padungchan S, Konjanart S, Kasiratta S, Daramas S, ten Dam HG.  The effectiveness of BCG vaccination of the newborn against childhood tuberculosis in Bangkok . Bull WHO 1986;;64:247-58.
Tidjani O, Amedome A, ten Dam HG.  The protective effect of BCG vaccination of the newborn against childhood tuberculosis in an African community . Tubercle 1986;;67:269-81.
CDC.  Tuberculosis, final data—United States, 1986 . MMWR 1987;;36:817-20.
Slutkin G.  Management of tuberculosis in urban homeless indigents . Public Health Rep 1986;; 101:481-5.
CDC. Tuberculosis statistics: states and cities, 1985 . Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, D1986:84-5; HHS publication no. (CDC)87-8249.
CDC.  Tuberculosis and AIDS—Connecticut . MMWR 1987;;36:133-5.
Hayden CH, Bloch AB, Snider DE.  Tuberculosis among children: United States, 1985  (Abstract). Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;;135( (suppl 2) ):A74.
Vogeler DM, Burke JP.  Tuberculosis screening for hospital employees: a five-year experience in a large community hospital . Am Rev Respir Dis 1978;;117:227-32.
Ruben FL, Norden CW, Schuster N.  Analysis of a community hospital employee tuberculosis screening program 31 months after its inception . Am Rev Respir Dis 1977;;115:23-8.
Bass JB Jr, Serio RA.  The use of repeat skin tests to eliminate the booster phenomenon in serial tuberculin testing . Am Rev Respir Dis 1981;;123:394-6.
Le CT.  Cost-effectiveness of the two-step skin test for tuberculosis screening of employees in a community hospital . Infect Control 1984;;5:570-2.
Thompson NJ, Glassroth JL, Snider DE Jr, Farer LS.  The booster phenomenon in serial tuberculin testing . Am Rev Respir Dis 1979;;119:587-97.
Valenti WM, Andrews BA, Presley BA, Reifler CB.  Absence of the booster phenomenon in serial tuberculin skin testing . Am Rev Respir Dis 1982;;125:323-5.
Catanzaro A.  Nosocomial tuberculosis . Am Rev Respir Dis 1982;;125:559-62.
Geiseler PJ, Nelson KE, Crispen RG, Moses VK.  Tuberculosis in physicians: a continuing problem . Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;;133:773-8.
Chan JC, Tabak JI.  Risk of tuberculous infection among house staff in an urban teaching hospital . South Med J 1985;;78:1061-4.
American Thoracic Society, CDC.  Control of tuberculosis . Am Rev Respir Dis 1983;;128:336-42.
Farer LS.  Chemoprophylaxis . Am Rev Respir Dis 1982;;125(Pt (2) ):102-7.
Clemens JD, Chuong JJH, Feinstein AR.  The BCG controversy: a methodological and statistical reappraisal . JAMA 1983;;249:2362-9.
Tripathy SP.  Fifteen-year follow-up of the Indian BCG prevention trial. In: International Union Against Tuberculosis , ed. Proceedings of the XXVIth IUAT World Conference on Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases . Singapore, Japan: Professional Postgraduate Services, International, 1987;:69-72.
Young TK, Hershfield ES.  A case-control study to evaluate the effectiveness of mass neonatal BCG vaccination among Canadian Indians . Am J Public Health 1986;;76:783-6.
Shapiro C, Cook N, Evans D, et al.  A case-control study of BCG and childhood tuberculosis in Cali, Colombia . Int J Epidemiol 1985;;14:441-6.
Myint TT, Yin Y, Yi MM, Aye HH.  BCG test reaction in previously BCG vaccinated children . Ann Trop Paediatr 1985;;5:29-31.
Karalliedde S, Katugaha LP, Uragoda CG.  Tuberculin response of Sri Lankan children after BCG vaccination at birth . Tubercle 1987;;68:33-8.
Bahr GM, Stanford JL, Rook GAW, Rees RJW, Abdelnoor AM, Frayha GJ.  Two potential improvements to BCG and their effect on skin test reactivity in the Lebanon . Tubercle 1986;;67:205-18.
Heyworth B.  Delayed hypersensitivity to PPDS following BCG 2 vaccination in African children—an 18-month field study . Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1977;;71:251-3.
Baily GVJ, Narain R, Mayurnath S, Vallishayee RS, Guld J.  Trial of BCG vaccines in south India for tuberculosis prevention: tuberculosis prevention trial, Madras . Indian J Med Res 1980;;72( (suppl) ).
Abrahams EW.  Tuberculin hypersensitivity following BCG vaccination in Brisbane school children . Tubercle 1979;;60:109-13.
Comstock GW, Edwards LB, Nabangxang H.  Tuberculin sensitivity eight to fifteen years after BCG vaccination . Am Rev Respir Dis 1971;;103:572-5.
Stewart CJ.  Skin sensitivity to human, avian and BCG PPDs after BCG vaccination . Tubercle 1968;;49:84-91.
Guld J, Waaler H, Sundaresan TK, Kaufmann PC, ten Dam HG.  The duration of BCG-induced tuberculin sensitivity in children, and its irrelevance for revaccination: results of two 5-year prospective studies . Bull WHO 1968;;39:829-36.
Horwitz O, Bunch-Christensen K.  Correlation between tuberculin sensitivity after 2 months and 5 years among BCG vaccinated subjects . Bull WHO 1972;;47:49-58.
Orefici G, Scopetti F, Grandolfo ME, Annesi I, Kissopoulos A.  Study of a BCG vaccine: influence of dose and time . Boll Ist Sieroter Milan 1982;;61:24-8.
Fine PEM, Ponnighaus JM, Maine NP.  The relationship between delayed type hypersensitivity and protective immunity induced by mycobacterial vaccines in man . Lepr Rev 1986;;57( (suppl 2) ):275-83.
American Thoracic Society, CDC.  The tuberculin skin test . Am Rev Respir Dis 1981;; 124:356-63.
Snider DE Jr.  Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccinations and tuberculin skin tests . JAMA 1985;;253:3438-9.
American Thoracic Society, CDC.  Treatment of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in adults and children . Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;;134:355-63.
Springett VH.  The value of BCG vaccination . Tubercle 1965;;46:76-84.
Snider DE Jr, Cauthen GM.  Tuberculin skin testing of hospital employees: infection, boosting, and two-step testing . Am J Infect Control 1984;;12:305-11.
CDC. Guidelines for prevention of TB transmission in hospitals . Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service; HHS publication no. (CDC)82-8371.
CDC.  Disseminated Mycobacterium bovis infection from BCG vaccination of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . MMWR 1985;;34:227-8.
Blanche S, Le Deist F, Fischer A, et al.  Longitudinal study of 18 children with perinatal LAV/HTLV III infection: attempt at prognostic evaluation . J Pediatr 1986;;109:965-70.
World Health Organization.  Special Programme on AIDS and Expanded Programme on Immunization—joint statement: consultation on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and routine childhood immunization . Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1987;;62:297-9.
Official name: BCG Vaccine.
MMWR 1979;;28:241-4
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