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September 23, 1988, Vol 260, No. 12 >
ARTICLE | September 23, 1988

Arboviral Infections of the Central Nervous System—United States, 1987 FREE

JAMA. 1988;260(12):1688-1694. doi:10.1001/jama.1988.03410120034010
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References

(MMWR 1988;37:506-508, 513-515)

IN 1987, 148 U.S. cases of arboviral encephalitis were reported to CDC. Outbreaks of western equine encephalitis (WEE) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) in the Great Plains and Mountain states resulted in 41 WEE cases (one fatal) and 17 SLE cases.1 The WEE outbreak led to an epizootic among horses in the same region, producing 173 equine cases. LaCrosse virus, the principal cause of endemic arboviral central nervous system (CNS) infections in the United States, was the etiologic agent in 87 cases (one fatal) reported in 1987. Three sporadic cases of eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) were reported from recognized endemic foci on the Atlantic Coast.

Western equine encephalitis. The WEE outbreak was first recognized in southern Texas with reports of equine cases in April and June. By June, the epizootic had spread through the panhandle of Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and southern Colorado, and by July,

REFERENCES

1 +
CDC.  Western equine encephalitis—United States and Canada, 1987 . MMWR 1987;;36:655-9.
2 +
CDC.  La Crosse encephalitis in West Virginia . MMWR 1988;;37:79-82.
3 +
Powers JM, Tsai TF, Garen PD, Tecklenburg F, Seay AR.  Eastern equine encephalitis: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural distribution of virus  (Abstract). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1988;;47:304.
4 +
Tsai TF, Monath TP.  Viral diseases in North America transmitted by arthropods or from vertebrate reservoirs . In: Feigin RD, Cherry JD, eds. Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases . 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1987;;1417-56.
5 +
Leake JP.  Epidemic of infectious encephalitis . Public Health Rep 1941;;56:1902-5.
6 +
Potter ME, Currier RWII, Pearson JE, Harris JC, Parker RL.  Western equine encephalomyelitis in horses in the northern Red River Valley, 1975 . J Am Vet Med Assoc 1977;;170:1396-9.
7 +
Powell KE, Kappus KD.  Epidemiology of St. Louis encephalitis and other acute encephalitides . Adv Neurol 1978;;19:197-215.
8 +
Okuno T, Tsunoda T, Hiraishi K, Matsubara Y, Ishii K, Oya A.  Japanese encephalitis surveillance report, 1965 . Nihon-iji-Shinpo 1967;;2256:17-28.
9 +
Sellers RF, Pedgley DE.  Possible windborne spread to western Turkey of bluetongue virus in 1977 and of Akabane virus in 1979 . J Hyg 1985;;95:149-58.
10 +
Kappus KD, Monath TP, Kaminski RM, Calisher CH.  Reported encephalitis associated with California serogroup virus infections in the United States, 1963-1981 . In: Calisher CH, Thompson WH, eds. California serogroup viruses . New York: Alan R. Liss, 1983;;31-41.
11 +
Hurwitz ES, Schell W, Nelson D, Washburn J, LaVenture M.  Surveillance for California encephalitis group virus illness in Wisconsin and Minnesota, 1978 . Am J Trop Med Hyg 1983;;32:595-601.
12 +
Beghi E, Nicolosi A, Kurland LT, Mulder DW, Hauser WA, Shuster L.  Encephalitis and aseptic meningitis, Olmsted County, Minnesota, 19501981:I. epidemiology . Ann Neurol 1984;; 16:283-94.
13 +
Francy DB.  Mosquito control for prevention of California (La Crosse) encephalitis . In: Calisher CH, Thompson WH, eds. California serogroup viruses . New York: Alan R. Liss, 1983;;365-75.

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
CDC.  Western equine encephalitis—United States and Canada, 1987 . MMWR 1987;;36:655-9.
2 +
CDC.  La Crosse encephalitis in West Virginia . MMWR 1988;;37:79-82.
3 +
Powers JM, Tsai TF, Garen PD, Tecklenburg F, Seay AR.  Eastern equine encephalitis: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural distribution of virus  (Abstract). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1988;;47:304.
4 +
Tsai TF, Monath TP.  Viral diseases in North America transmitted by arthropods or from vertebrate reservoirs . In: Feigin RD, Cherry JD, eds. Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases . 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1987;;1417-56.
5 +
Leake JP.  Epidemic of infectious encephalitis . Public Health Rep 1941;;56:1902-5.
6 +
Potter ME, Currier RWII, Pearson JE, Harris JC, Parker RL.  Western equine encephalomyelitis in horses in the northern Red River Valley, 1975 . J Am Vet Med Assoc 1977;;170:1396-9.
7 +
Powell KE, Kappus KD.  Epidemiology of St. Louis encephalitis and other acute encephalitides . Adv Neurol 1978;;19:197-215.
8 +
Okuno T, Tsunoda T, Hiraishi K, Matsubara Y, Ishii K, Oya A.  Japanese encephalitis surveillance report, 1965 . Nihon-iji-Shinpo 1967;;2256:17-28.
9 +
Sellers RF, Pedgley DE.  Possible windborne spread to western Turkey of bluetongue virus in 1977 and of Akabane virus in 1979 . J Hyg 1985;;95:149-58.
10 +
Kappus KD, Monath TP, Kaminski RM, Calisher CH.  Reported encephalitis associated with California serogroup virus infections in the United States, 1963-1981 . In: Calisher CH, Thompson WH, eds. California serogroup viruses . New York: Alan R. Liss, 1983;;31-41.
11 +
Hurwitz ES, Schell W, Nelson D, Washburn J, LaVenture M.  Surveillance for California encephalitis group virus illness in Wisconsin and Minnesota, 1978 . Am J Trop Med Hyg 1983;;32:595-601.
12 +
Beghi E, Nicolosi A, Kurland LT, Mulder DW, Hauser WA, Shuster L.  Encephalitis and aseptic meningitis, Olmsted County, Minnesota, 19501981:I. epidemiology . Ann Neurol 1984;; 16:283-94.
13 +
Francy DB.  Mosquito control for prevention of California (La Crosse) encephalitis . In: Calisher CH, Thompson WH, eds. California serogroup viruses . New York: Alan R. Liss, 1983;;365-75.

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