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February 19, 1988, Vol 259, No. 7 >
ARTICLE | February 19, 1988

Diagnosis and Treatment of Aphasia: Title and subTitle BreakPart I FREE

Martin L. Albert, MD; Nancy Helm-Estabrooks, ScD
[+] Author Affiliations

Reprint requests to the Boston Veterans Administration Hospital, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130 (Dr Albert or Dr Helm-Estabrooks).


JAMA. 1988;259(7):1043-1047. doi:10.1001/jama.1988.03720070043032
Text Size: A A A
Published online
Article
References

IN 1971, Norman Geschwind1 complained that the problem of aphasia was largely neglected by clinicians, despite its common occurrence. During the past 15 years, in great measure due to Geschwind's creative inspiration, clinicians and researchers have devoted considerable energy to understanding brain-language relationships and to developing new therapies for aphasic patients. With advances in imaging technologies and development of the fields of behavioral neurology, neuropsychology, psycholinguistics, and speech pathology, great progress has been made. Aphasia is no longer a neglected subject, and many aphasic patients now can be successfully treated. Contemporary research attempts to elucidate cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms underlying aphasic symptoms and to apply this knowledge to the development of therapy programs directed at specific clusters of aphasic symptoms. This article highlights clinically relevant aspects of this research.

PREVALENCE OF APHASIA  Approximately 85 000 new cases of aphasia occur in the United States each year from stroke alone.

REFERENCES

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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Geschwind N:  Aphasia. N Engl J Med 1971;;284:654-656.
2 +
Albert ML, Goodglass H, Helm N, et al: Clinical Aspects of Dysphasia . Vienna, Springer-Verlag, 1981;.
3 +
Kalsbeck M, McLaurin R, Harris B, et al:  The national head and spinal cord injury survey. J Neurosurg 1980;;53:19-31.
4 +
Kurtzke J:  The current neurologic burden of illness and injury in the United States. Neurology 1982;;32:1207-1214.
5 +
Obler LK, Albert ML:  Language in the elderly aphasic and in the dementing patient , in Sarno M (ed): Acquired Aphasia . Orlando, Fla, Academic Press Inc, 1981;, pp 385-398.
6 +
Obler LK, Albert ML:  Language in aging , in Albert ML (ed): Clinical Neurology of Aging . New York, Oxford University Press Inc, 1984;, pp 245-253.
7 +
Bayles KA, Kazniak AW: Communication and Cognition in Normal Aging and Dementia . Boston, Little Brown & Co Inc, 1987;.
8 +
Head H: Aphasia and Kindred Disorders of Speech . New York, Macmillan Publishing Co Inc, 1926;.
9 +
Weisenburg TH, McBride KE: Aphasia . New York, Commonwealth Fund, 1935;.
10 +
Nielsen J: Agnosia, Apraxia, Aphasia . New York, Paul B Hoeber Inc, 1947;.
11 +
Brain WR: Speech Disorders . London, Butterworths, 1961;.
12 +
Schuell HM, Jenkins JJ, Jimeńez-Pabon E: Aphasia in Adults: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment . New York, Paul B Hoeber Inc, 1964;.
13 +
Geschwind N:  Disconnexion syndromes in animals and man. Brain 1965;;88:237-294, 585-644.
14 +
Geschwind N:  Anatomical understanding of the aphasias , in Benton AL (ed): Contribution to Clinical Neuropsychology . Chicago, Aldine Publishing Co, 1969;.
15 +
Benson DF: Aphasia, Alexia, and Apraxia . New York, Churchill Livingstone Inc, 1979;.
16 +
Kertesz A: Aphasia and Associated Disorders . New York, Grune & Stratton, 1979;.
17 +
Sarno MT (ed): Acquired Aphasia . Orlando, Fla, Academic Press Inc, 1981;.
18 +
Goodglass H, Kaplan E: The Assessment of Aphasia and Related Disorders , ed 2. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1983;.
19 +
Roch Lecours A, Lhermitte F, Bryans B: Aphasiology . London, Bailliere Tindall, 1983;.
20 +
Holland A: Language Disorders in Adults . San Diego, College-Hill Press Inc, 1984;.
21 +
Dejerine J: Sémiologie des Affections du Systéme Nerveux . Paris, Masson, 1914;.
22 +
Mohr JP, Watters W, Duncan G:  Thalamic hemorrhage and aphasia. Brain Lang 1975;;2:3-17.
23 +
Hier D, Davis K, Richardson E, et al:  Hypertensive putaminal hemorrhage. Ann Neurol 1977;;1:152-159.
24 +
Naeser M, Hayward R:  Lesion localization in aphasia with cranial computed tomography and the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Exam. Neurology 1978;;28:545-551.
25 +
Cambier J, Elghozi D, Strube E:  Hemorrhagie de la tête du noyau caude gauche. Rev Neurol 1979;;136:763-774.
26 +
Alexander M, Loverme S:  Aphasia following left hemispheric intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 1980;;30:1193-1202.
27 +
Naeser MA, Alexander M, Helm-Estabrooks N, et al:  Aphasia with predominantly subcortical lesion sites. Arch Neurol 1982;;39:2-14.
28 +
Damasio H, Damasio A, Hamsher K, et al:  CT scan correlates of aphasia and allied disorders. Neurology 1979;;29:522.
29 +
Damasio A, Damasio H, Rizzo M, et al:  Aphasia with non-hemorrhagic lesions in the basal ganglia and internal capsule. Arch Neurol 1982;;39:15-20.
30 +
Naeser MA:  CT scan lesion size and lesion locus in cortical and subcortical aphasias , in Kertesz A (ed): Localization in Neuropsychology . Orlando, Fla, Academic Press Inc, 1983;, pp 63-119.
31 +
Wallesch C-W, Kornhuber HH, Brunner R, et al:  Lesions of the basal ganglia, thalamus, and deep white matter: Differential effects on language functions. Brain Lang 1983;;20:286-304.
32 +
Wallesch C-W:  Two syndromes of aphasia occurring with ischemic lesions involving the left basal ganglia. Brain Lang 1985;;25:357-361.
33 +
Cappa S, Cavalotti G, Guidotti M, et al:  Subcortical aphasia: Two clinical CT scan correlation studies. Cortex 1983;;19:227-241.
34 +
Gorelick P, Hier D, Benevento L, et al:  Aphasia after left thalamic infarction. Arch Neurol 1984;;41:1296-1298.
35 +
Graff-Radford N, Eslinger P, Damasio A, et al:  Nonhemorrhagic infarction of the thalamus: Behavioral, anatomic, and physiologic correlations. Neurology 1984;;34:14-23.
36 +
Graff-Radford N, Damasio H, Yamada T, et al:  Nonhemorrhagic thalamic infarction: Clinical, neuropsychological and electrophysiological findings in four anatomical groups defined by computerized tomography. Brain 1985;;108:485-516.
37 +
Penfield W, Roberts L: Speech and Brain Mechanisms . Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1959;.
38 +
Botez MI:  Clinical contribution to the study of tumoral frontal syndrome. Psychiatr Neurol 1960;;140:347-368.
39 +
Botez MI, Carp N:  Nouvelles données sur le probléme du mécanisme de déclenchement de la parole. Rev Roum Neurol 1968;;5:153-158.
40 +
Botez MI, Barbeau A:  Role of subcortical structures, and particularly of the thalamus, in the mechanisms of speech and language. Int J Neurol 1971;;8:300-320.
41 +
Ojemann G, Fedio P, Van Buren J:  Anomia from pulvinar and subcortical parietal stimulation. Brain 1968;;91:99-116.
42 +
Ojemann G, Ward A:  Speech representation in ventro-lateral thalamus. Brain 1971;;94:669-680.
43 +
Ojemann G:  Language and the thalamus. Brain Lang 1975;;2:101-120.
44 +
Ojemann G:  Subcortical language mechanisms , in Whitaker H, Whitaker HA (eds): Studies in Neurolinguistics . Orlando, Fla, Academic Press Inc, 1976;, pp 103-138.
45 +
Ojemann G:  Brain organization for language from the perspective of electrical stimulation mapping. Behav Brain Sci 1983;;2:189-230.
46 +
Crosson B:  Role of the dominant thalamus in language: A review. Psychol Bull 1984;;96:491-517.
47 +
Crosson B:  Subcortical functions in language: A working model. Brain Lang 1985;;25:257-292.
48 +
Gillingham F, Watson W, Donaldson A, et al:  Treatment of parkinsonism. Br Med J 1960;;2:1395-1402.
49 +
Selby G:  Stereotactic surgery for the relief of Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 1967;;5:343-375.
50 +
Darley F, Brown J, Swenson W:  Language changes after neurosurgery for parkinsonism. Brain Lang 1975;;2:65-69.
51 +
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